Clostridium felsinus (sic) Bergey et al., Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 453.) fel.si'ne.um. L. noun Felsinea the Latin name for Bologna, Italy; M.L. adj . felsineus pertaining to Felsinea. Description taken from Ruschmann and Bavendamm (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 64, 1925, 340) , from the Kluy ver strain used by van der Lek (Thesis, Delft, 1930) and from McCoy and McClung (Arch. f. MikrobioL, 6, 1935, 230). Rods, 0.3 to 0.4 by 3.0 to 5.0 microns, oc- curring singly, in pairs and in short chains. Spores ovoid, subterminal, swelling the cells to Clostridia. Motile by means of pe- ritrichous flagella. Granulose-positive in the clostridial stage. Gram-positive, becom- ing Gram-negative. Glucose-gelatin: Liquefaction. Glucose agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Raised, smooth, slightly irregular, yellow- orange. Glucose agar deep colonies: Compact, lenticular, opaque, yellow. Plain agar slant (anaerobic): Surface growth scant, scarcely perceptible. Pigmentation (anaerobic) : Yellow- orange, ageing to brownish. No change on aeration. Plain broth: No growth. Glucose broth: Abundant, uniform tur- bidity; much gas. Yellow, slimy sediment. Litmus milk: Acid and coagulation. Lit- mus reduced. Clot torn and yellowed. No visible digestion. Potato: Digested to a yellow slime. Much gas with butylic odor. Maize mash: Resembling reaction of Clos- tridium acetohutylicum McCoy et al., but with flesh-colored to orange pigment. Indole not produced. Acid and gas from arabinose, xylose, glu- cose, mannose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, rafhnose, starch, dextrin, inulin, glycogen, pectin and salicin. Man- nitol, erythritol, glycerol, Ca-lactate and cellulose not fermented. Fermentation products include butyl and ethyl alcohols, acetone, organic acids (prob- ably butyric and acetic), H2 and CO2 . Ammonia produced from nitrates and nitrites. Atmospheric nitrogen fixed (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour, Bact., 57, 1949, 413). Coagulated albumin cubes: Softened and yellowed by slow digestion. Blood agar: No hemolysis. Blood serum: No liquefaction. Brain medium: No blackening or diges- tion. Anaerobic. Grows at 37° C. Not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. Source: Isolated from retting flax; also found in soil in Italy, in Argentina and in the United States. Habitat: Not determined. 76. Clostridium flavum McClung and McCoy, nom. nov. (Type IV of retting Clos- tridia, Lanigan, Austral. Jour. Sci. Re- search, Ser. B, Biol. Sci., 4, 1951, 475.) fla'vum. L. adj. flavus yellow. Slender, straight to slightly curved rods, 0.4 by 2.0 to 7.0 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs, end to end and in small clusters with some palisade forma- tion; short filaments occasionally occur. Subterminal spores, elliptical or bean- shaped, 0.8 by 2.5 to 2.7 microns. Sporula- tion occurs early and freely. Cell distended at sporulation by an elongated, subterminal spore with pronounced terminal "cap". Motile. Gram-positive in young cultures. Glucose -gelatin: Liquefaction in 7 to 11 days. Nutrient agar: No growth. Glucose yeast agar surface colonies: Cir- cular, 1.0 to 1.5 mm in diameter, entire, low-convex or umbilicate, smooth and glis- tening, opaque, canary-yellow by reflected light, viscid consistency. Glucose yeast agar deep colonies: Bicon- vex discs, 1 mm in diameter, canary -yellow in color; medium disrupted by gas. Glucose yeast agar slant: Good, filiform growth; smooth and glistening surface; canary -yellow, non-diffusible pigment; soft butyrous to viscid consistency. Glucose j^east peptone broth: Heavy, uni- form turbidity; much gas; pale yellow viscid deposit. Marked odor of butanol. Litmus milk: Acid and gas; reduction; coagulation; usually a stormy clot within two to four days. No digestion of curd.
