1. Bartonella bacillifonnis (Strong et al., 1913) Strong et al., 1915. (Bartonia bacillijormis Strong, Tyzzer, Brues, Sel- lards and Gastiaburu, Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 61, 1913, 1715; Strong, Tyzzer and Sellards, Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 6J,, 1915, 808; also see Tyzzer and Weinman, Amer. Jour. Hyg., 30 (B), 1939, 143; and Wein- man, Trans. Amer. Philosoph. Soc, S3 (N.S.), 1944, 246.) ba.cil.li.for'mis. L. dim. noun bacillus a small staff, rodlet; L. noun forma shape, form; M.L. adj. bacilliformis rodlet-shaped. Small, polymorphic organisms which show their greatest morphological range in the blood of man where they appear as red- violet rods or coccoids situated on the red cells when stained with Giemsa's stain. Bacilliform bodies are the most typical, measuring 0.25 to 0.5 by 1.0 to 3.0 microns. Often curved; may show polar enlargement and granules at one or both ends. Rounded organisms measure about 0.75 micron in di- ameter, and a ring-like variety is sometimes abundant. On semi-solid media, a mixture of rods and granules appears. The organisms may occur singly or in large and small, ir- regular dense collections measuring up to 25 microns or more in length. Punctiform, spindle-shaped and ellipsoidal forms occur which vary in size from 0.2 to 0.5 by 0.3 to 3.0 microns. Motile in cultures. Electron microscope techniques applied to cultures show a definite cell membrane, undiffer- entiated protoplasm and a tuft of 1 to 10 polar flagella which are appro.ximately 20 millimicrons in diameter and which have an average undulation phase of 0.95 micron (Peters and Wigand, Ztschr. f. Tropenmed. u. Parasit., 3, 1952, 313; also see Bact. Rev., 19, 1955, 150). Stain poorly or not at all with many aniline dyes but satisfactorily with Romanowsky's and Giemsa's stains. Not acid-fast. Gram-negative. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Cultivation: Grows in semi-solid agar with fresh rabbit serum and rabbit hemo- globin, in semi-solid agar with the blood of man, horse or rabbit with or without the addition of fresh tissue and certain carbo- hydrates, in other culture media containing blood, serum or plasma, in Huntoon's hor- mone agar at 20 per cent, in semi -solid gelatin media, in blood-glucose-cystine agar and in chorio-allantoic fluid and yolk sac of chick embryo. No action on lead acetate. No acid or gas from glucose, sucrose, ga- lactose, maltose, fructose, xylose, lactose, mannose, mannitol, dulcitol, arabinose, raf- finose, rhamnose, dextrin, inulin, salicin or amygdalin. Obligately aerobic. Grows at 28° and 37° C., with greater lon- gevity at 28° C. Cultures viable after storage for five years at —70° C. Immunology: Natural immunity to in- fection has not been demonstrated in sus- ceptible species. Acquired immunity is ap- parent both during and after the disease. Bartonellae from different sources appear to provoke similar responses. Bartonellae from Oroya fever protect against infection with organisms obtained from verruga cases. Serology: Immune sera fix complement; employing heterologous strains, no signifi- cant titer differences were found in quanti- tative tests. Immune rabbit sera have not agglutinated Proteus OXjg , OX2 or OXK at titers above 1 :20. Agglutination of suspen- sions of Bartonella by sera from recovered cases has been reported. Pathogenicity: Three forms of the disease bartonellosis occur in man: the anemic (Or- oya fever), the eruptive (Verruga Peruana) and, rarely, mixed types of both of these forms. Experimental Oroya fever has not been successfully produced in animals, ex- cept rarely in an atypical form in monkej'S. Experimental Verruga Peruana has been produced in man and in a number of species of monkeys. Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Not sen- sitive in vivo to neosalvarsan nor in general to other arsenical compounds; sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin and chloramphen- icol. Inhibited in vitro by 0.1 microgram of oxytetracycline per cc of semi-solid rabbit- serum agar at pH 8.0. Source: Isolated from blood and endo- thelial cells of lymph nodes, spleen and liver of human cases of Oroya fever; also found
