in blood and in eruptive elements in Ver- ruga Peruana. Habitat: Found in the blood and endo- thelial cells of infected man; probably also found in sand flies (Phlebotomus verruca- rum). Genus II. Grahamella Brumpt, 1911.* (Gra^tamm Tartakowsky.Trav. IX« Cong. Int. Med. Vet., 4, 1910, 242; not Grahamia Theobald, Colonial Office, Misc. Pub. No. 237, 1909; Brumpt, Bull. Soc. path. exot., 4, 1911,514.) Gra.ha.mel'la. M.L. dim.ending -ella; M.L. fem.dim.n. Grahamella named for Dr. G. S. Graham-Smith, who discovered these organisms in the blood of moles. Microorganisms occurring within the erythrocytes of lower mammals. Morphologically these organisms bear a resemblance to but are less polymorphic than the species in Barton- ella and stain more deeply with Giemsa's stain than do the bartonellae. Neither motility nor flagella have been demonstrated. Not acid-fast. Gram-negative. Several species have been cultivated on non-living media. Growth is favored by the addition of hemoglobin. In cultures, the slight propensity to grow in unbranched filaments is variable; rods and coc- coids with indistinct contours are commonly cemented together in dense masses. Aerobic. Parasitic. Splenectomy has little effect on the course of infection. Non-pathogenic. Not affected by arsenicals. The etiological agent of grahamellosis of rodents and of some other vertebrates. The type species is Grahamella talpae Brumpt. 1. Grahamella talpae Brumpt, 1911. (Bull. Soc. path, exot., 4, 1911, 514.) tal'pae. M.L. fem.n. Talpa a genus of moles; M.L. gen. noun talpae of Talpa. Long or short rods of irregular contour lying within the red blood cells, many with a marked curve, often near one of the ex- tremities. One or both ends of the longer form is enlarged, giving a wedge- or club- shaped appearance. Some of the medium- sized forms are definitely dumbbell-shaped; small forms are nearly round. With Giemsa's stain, the protoplasm of the organism stains light blue with darker areas at the enlarged ends. Dark staining areas of the longer forms give the organism a banded appear- ance. Occasionally free in the plasma, but then usually occur in groups. Most of the infected corpuscles contain between 6 and 20 organisms, but relatively few erythro- cytes are infected (rarely more than one per cent (Graham-Smith, Jour. Hyg., 5, 1905,453)). Infectivity: Infective for moles. Source and habitat: Found in moles. 2. Grahamella peromysci Tyzzer, 1942. (Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc, 85, 1942, 363.) pe.ro. mys'ci. M.L. mas.n. Peromyscus a genus of mice; M.L. gen. noun peromysci of Peromyscus. Occurs as rather uniform rods, spaced within red blood cells, with no morpholog- ical features to distinguish it from other species. Non-motile. Grows on non-living media containing blood at temperatures varying from 20° to 28° C. under aerobic conditions. Colonies rarely exceed 1.5 mm in diameter and are composed of rods as long as 1.5 microns, varying in thickness from 0.25 to 0.75 mi- cron, and coccoids, 0.25 to 1.0 micron in diameter, occurring together in compact clumps. Older cultures may contain chains of rods and globoid bodies 12 microns or less in diameter. Organisms in cultures stain poorly with alkaline methylene blue solu- tion (LoefHer's) but well with Giemsa's stain. Motility not reported. Hemolysis: Not reported. Infectivity: Blood or cultures infect the
- Revised by Dr. David Weinman, Department of Microbiology, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut, September, 1955.
