A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
in 1490, was the pupil of Albrecht Diirer, of whose
style he caught many of the beauties. He had a
rich imagination, much true feeling, an intelligent
appreciation of drapery, and much taste in exe-
cution. In 1507 he designed two wood-engravings
for Ulrich Pindter's 'Speculum passionis.' He
also drew the illustrations to the 'Theuerdanok ' of
the Emperor Maximilian, and made twenty designs
for a ' Hochzeittanz.' In 1515 he was made burgher
of the town of Nordlingen, and, on visiting
Nuremberg, was recalled to Nordlingen by the
magistrates. He died at Nuremberg in 1540. Of
his works we may name :
The Siege of Bethulia ; a fresco in the Torm-hall oj Nbrdli fiyen. A Last Supper ; in Ulm Cathedral. The Dead Christ ; in the Cathedral at Nuremberg, A Desceut from the Cross; in St. Georye's Church, Nuremberg , Coronatiou of the Virgin (in 16pauels, with 291 figures) ; ill the Church at Anhausen. Death of the Virgin ; in Munich Pinakoihek. The Virgin dying receives a Palm of Victory from an Angel ; in the same. The Coronation of the Virgin ; in the same. Christ on the Sea of Galilee saving St. Peter ; in the same. Christ crowned with Thorns ; in the same. Christ on the Cross ; in the same. Christ on the Mount of Olives ; in the same. The Visitation ; National Gallery., Dublin. The Last Supper; Berlin Museum. Noli me Tangere ; Cassel Gallery. Portrait in the possession of the Duke of Northumberlaud. Schaufelin did not etch himself. He frequently marked his works with a monogram composed of his initials and a shovel, a rebus on his name.
SCHALCH, JoHANN Jacob, a landscape painter, was born at Schaffhausen in 1723, and was a scholar of Schnaezler, and of an artist of the name of Hamilton, at Augsburg. He visited Holland and England, and died in 1770.
SCHALCKE. See Van der Schalcke.
SCHALCKEN, Godfried, was born at Dordrecht in 1643. His fixther was rector of the college at Dordrecht, and desired to bring him up to literary pursuits, but becoming alive to the boy's dis position for painting, he placed him in the studio of Samuel van Hoogstraten, whence he migrated to that of Gerard Douw, under whom he acquired delicacy of finish and some skill in light and shade. He remained with Douw until he had established a certain reputation by painting small pictures of domestic scenes, chiefly candle-lights. He after- wards attempted to expand his style by the study of Rembrandt, but soon returned to his early manner. To give the most natural effect to his candle- light pieces, he is said to have adopted the following system : he placed the object he intended to paint in a d.ark room, with a candle, and looking through a small hole, painted by day what he saw by candle-light. His small portraits were very popular, and he had painted the principal families at Dordrecht, when he was encouraged, by the extraordinary success of Kneller, to visit England. Here, however, his success was small. There was no room for him. His manners, too, were against him, and many stories of his boorishness are told by the old writers. On his return to Holland he settled at the Hague, where he continued to practise his art with success, until his death in 1706. The chief merit of Schalcken consists in the neatness of his finishing, and the perfect intelligence of his chiaro-scuro. His touch is mellow, but too fused, and his colour warm and golden. Works:
Amsterdam. R. Museum. Antwerp. Berlin. Brussels. Dresden. Museuvi Museum. Museuvi. Gallery Glasgow. Gallery Hague. Museum. London. Nat. Gallery. „ Dulwich Gal. „ Buckingham Pal. Madrid. Munich. Paris. Museum. Gallery. Louvre. Portrait of Wilham III. of England. Every one to his Fancy. The Smoker. (Ami fnur more.) The Two Ages. 1673. Child Angling. Cliildren melting wax. Artist examining a bust of Venus by caudle-light. Old Woman reading ; life-size. Three Pictures of Girls with candles. AVoman in Bed, putting out the candle. A Lady at her Toilet bv candlelight. Portrait of WiUiani III. l, And three others.) Lesbia weighing Jewels against her Sparrosv. Old AVoman scouring a pan. The Duet. Soldier giving Money to a Woman (candle-light). Ceres at the Peasant's Cottage. Interior with Figures. {A masterpiece.) Mau reading by candle-light. The Five AA'ise and Five Foolish Virgins. 1700. A Holy Family. The Penitent Magdalen. One Girl trying io blow out the candle of another. A Holy Family. Ceres in search of Proserpine. [And tiro more.) The Barber. Old Man reading. Petersburg. Hermitage. Vienna. Gallery. His sister and pupil, Maria, practised at Dordrecht.
SCHALCKEN, Jakob nephew and pupil of God- fried Schalcken, painted in the same style, so that his works have been mistaken for those of his uncle.
SCHALK, Heinrioh, a miniature painter of some repute, born at Frankfort in 1792, died at Carlsruhe in 1834.
SCHALL, Joseph, draughtsman and miniaturist, was practising at Breslau from 1810 to 1820. He worked principally in Indian ink, chalk, and pen and ink.
SCHALLER. Anton, an elder brother of Johann Nepomuk Schaller, the sculptor, was bom at Vienna in 1772. He was for some time a painter on por- celain, but afterwards took to oil, and became pro- fessor of anatomy in the Academy at Vienna. He painted good miniature portraits. He died at Vienna in 1844.
SCHALLER, Eduard, painter, son of Anton Schaller, was born at Vienna in 1802, and attended the Academy in that city. He travelled much, but was domiciled at Vienna, where he died in 1848.
SCHALLER, Ernst Johannes, German painter; born at Wasungen (Meiningen) in 1841; at the age of sixteen went to Weimar and became a pupil of Preller. As a painter of animals he showed special talent, which led hiiu to make careful and exhaustive studies in the Zoological Gardens of Dresden and Berlin. He subsequently became professor at the Technical High School and the Art School at Berlin. His works include ' Tiger im Kampf,' ' Lowin mit ihren Jungen,' ' Bacchus-
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