PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS.
zu:;,' and 'Psyche.' He also had a share in the decoration of several of the public buildings at
Berlin and Bresluu, notably illustrating the legend of Prometheus in the cupola of the Silesian Museum
at Breslau. He died at Coburg, June 25, 1887.
SCHALLHAS, Carl Philipp, landscape painter and engraver, bom at Presburg in 1767, was a .pupil at the Vienna Academy, of which, in 1792, he was appointed professor of landscape painting. He died at Vienna in 1797.
SCHALTZ, Damiel, a German painter and en- graver, born at Dantzic, died in 1686. He excelled in portraits, and in the painting of animals.
SCHAMPHELEEK, EDMONDDE, Belgian painter; born at Brussels in 1824 ; became a pupil of E. de Block. He was for many years established at Munich, where he painted landscapes and produced several etchings. Of his works we may make mention of the following : ' Der alte Rhein bei 'Gouda,'now in the Brussels Museum ; ' Abendlandschaft,' in the Hamburg Kunst-Halle ; and 'Emte,' in the Stettin Museum. He obtained the Dunkerque gold medal in 186-1, the Brusse's gold medal in 1866, the Berlin gold medal in 1872, and that of Paris in 1877. He died at Molenbeek, March 12, 1899.
SCHAPFF, JoBQ, according to Heineken, exe- cuted the cuts for a block-book on Chiromanc}' by Hartlieb, with the date 1448 upon it. In his ' Idea for a complete Collection of Prints,' Heineken has given a copy of one of these cuts, and nothing could be more rude. The name of the engraver was inscribed on one of the leaves, at the bottom, 3iotg Scfjapff in augsbourg. Zani says he was Btill at work in 147.S.
SHAPPER, (or Shaper,) Johann, a German painter, native of Harburg, who settled in 1640 at Nuremberg, where he devoted himself principally to painting upon glass, ornamenting goblets, jugs, and bowls with small landscapes, battle-scenes, or coats-of-arms, which he executed with much delicacy and finish. Examples are to be seen in the collections of Berlin and Dresden. He died at Nuremberg in 1670.
SCHARER, JoHAN.v Jakob, born at SchafTliausen in 1676, was a portrait painter, who practised also as an architect and modeller. He died in 1746.
SCHARF, George, senior, was born in 1788 at Mainburg, near Munich, and was the first success- ful practitioner of lithography in England. He studied in Paris and Antwerp. In 1815 he was attached to the British army throughout the "Waterloo campaign, and in 1816 came to London. There he was soon largely engaged in making drawings for scientific works, and for the Trans- actions of the Geological Society. His travels in Belgium and France also afforded subjects for several drawings, and he painted pictures of a 'Sitting of Parliament ' and 'The Lord Mayor's Banquet.' Scharf became a member of the Insti- tute of Painters in Water-Colours in 1834, but re- signed two years later. There is a drawing of the Sficiety's gallery in Bond Street, by him. at South Kensington. He was the father of Sir George •Scharf, at one time Director of the National Portrait Gallery. Scharf died in London in 1860.
SCHARF, Sir George, son of the above, was torn on December 16, 1820. He was educated at University College School, and after studying under his father and gaining medals at the Society of Arts, was admitted as a student of the Royal Academy in 1838. His first published work was a seriee of etchings entitled ' Recollections of Scenic Effects,' illustrating the Shakesperian and classical revivals by Macready at Covent Garden in 1838-9. In 1840 he accompanied Sir C. Fellows through Lvcia and Asia Minor, and was draughtsman to the Government expedition of 1843. His drawings of Lyciaii views are in the British Museum. After his return lie exhibited in 1845 and 1846 six pictures at tlie Royal Academy, and two at the British Institution, but his chief work was in illustrating books. Among these may be mentioned: Fellows' 'Lycia,' 1847; Murray's 'Illustrated Prayer-Book'; Macaulay's 'Lays of Ancient Rome,' 1847; Mihnan's 'Horace,' 1849; Kugler's ' Handbook of Italian and German Painting,' 1851; Bray's 'Life of Stotliard,' 1851; Layard's works on Nineveh ; Dr. Smith's Classical Dictionaries ; Keats's Poems, 1854; and Pollock's 'Dante,' 1854. He was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1852, and at the Society's meetings frequently read papers, seventeen of which, chiefly on portraits, were printed in ' Archsologia." He was appointed Art Secretary to the Manchester Exhibition in 1857, and on the foundation of the National Portrait Gallery in the same year was appointed its first Secretary, becoming Director in 1882. His profound study of portraiture, and his shrewdness and diligence in archieological research, combined with his technical knowledge, enabled him to do most valuable service in identifying portraits and in correcting false titles. Among his published writings, in addition to the essays mentioned, were his 'Characteristics of Greek Art,' prefixed to Wordsworth's ' Greece'; s 'Catalogue of Pictures at Blenheim Palace,' 1860; and a 'Catalogue Raisonne of the Pictures belonging to the Society of Antiquaries of London,' 1865. On being compelled by illness to resign his appointment at the National Portrait Gallery in 1895, Scharf was made a K.C.B., and was appointed a trustee of the Gallery, but he enjoyed liis honours for only a short period, and died on April 19, 1895. M. H.
SCHARF, Johann, born at Vienna, July 13th, 1722, was a botanical draughtsman and painter of great talent, who began life as a scullery boy in a convent. His taste for design manifesting itself, he managed to obtain work as a painter of wall-papers. In this position he attracted the attention of the botanist Jacquin, who took him info his service aa a flower-painter. His unceasing application so in- jured his health that he fell into a consumption, of which he died at Vienna, October 5th, 1794.
SCHARNAGEL. FiiA.vz Sebastian, painter, born at Bamberg in 1791, was a pupil of Sensburg, and afterward of Geibel and Dorn. In 1811 he painted at the Academy of Munich, but returned to Bam- berg in 1815. and died there in 1831. His chief work is the ' Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew.'
SCHATEN, Hduekt, an engraver who resided ' at Copenhagen, and engraved several portraits during the latter half of the 17th century, between 1675 and 1694.
SCHATTENHOFEB, Amalir von, fWe Baadeb, burn at Erding, in Bavaria, in 176.3, was a pupil of Durr:er, at Munich, where she settled as a painter in cravons. She also etched. She died at Munich in 1840.
SCHAUBUOEK, Pieter, (Schokbroek,) painter, born at Antwerp in 1542, was a pipil and imitator of Jan Brueghel. He died at Antwerp in 1605. Brxmswick. GatUry. John the Baptist preaching. Caoael. Gall try. Burning of Troy.
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