ceremonies of the caste .... then he can no longer be said to belong to one of the lower castes of the people, and his punishment by confinement in the stocks is no longer legal."
Between the Mālas and Mādigas there is no love lost, and the latter never allow the former, on the occasion of a festival, to go in palanquins or ride on horseback. Quite recently, in the Nellore district, a horse was being led at the head of a Mādiga marriage procession, and the Mālas followed, to see whether the bridegroom would mount it. To the disgust of the Mādigas, the young man refused to get on it, from fear lest he should fall off.
The Mālas will not touch leather shoes, and, if they are slippered with them, a fine is inflicted, and the money spent on drink.
Of the share which the Mālas take in a village festival in the Cuddapah district, an excellent account is given by Bishop Whitehead.*[1] " The village officials and leading ryots," he writes, "collect money for the festival, and buy, among other things, a barren sheep and two lambs. Peddamma and Chinnamma are represented by clay images of female form made for the occasion, and placed in a temporary shrine of cloth stretched over four poles. On the appointed evening, rice is brought, and poured out in front of the idol by the potter, and rice, ghī (clarified butter), and curds are poured on the top of it. The victims are then brought, and their heads cut off by a washerman. The heads are placed on the ground before the idol. The people then pour water on the heads, and say 'speak' (paluku). If the mouth opens, it is regarded as a sign that the goddess is
- ↑ * Madras Diocesan Record, 1905.
