POftTO RICO 596 PCBTUGAL
laity. A Catholic periodical is published. Note- crated auxiliary to Bishop Cahill 19 March, 1905,
worthy deaths since the erection of the see include succeeded to the see 24 November. 1910. The
those of Father Rosarius Melizer, who founded St. population of the diocese (census 1911} is 1,318,606
Thomas College for young men, and Father Barth- of whom about 48,200 are Catholics. There are:
olomeus Merinno, who built the cathedral, the Dom- 93 secular priests; 194 regular priests; 47 convents;
inican priory and the Sisters' convent. 106 churches and public chapels; 51 private chapels;
34 public' elementary schools receiving government
Porto Bico, Diocese of (Portoricexsis; cf. grant and 9 not receiving government grant, with an
C. E., XII — ^292a): comprising the islands of Porto attendance of 1828 boys, 1948 girls, and 1658 chil-
Rico, Vico and Culebra, directly dependent on the dren; 11 secondary schools for boys with 1321 pupils;
Holy See. — In 1921 Mgr. Georges Caruana was 21 secondary schools for girls with 1667 pupils; 6
appointed bishop of Porto Rico to succeed Mgr. charitable institutions caring for 408 children. Jones, O. S. A., who after an episcopate of fourteen
Xears died in Philadelphia, 17 February, 1921. Portugal (cf. C. E., XII--297b), a republic, has
Igr. Caruana was bom in Malta, 23 April, 1882, and an area of 35,490 square miles and a population of
was incardinated in the Diocese of Brooklyn. Later 5,957,985 (latest census 1911). The chief towns
he went to Philadelphia as secretary to Cardinal with their population in 1911 are Lisbon 435,359;
Dougherty, and was consecrated in Rome at the Oporto 194,009; Setubal 30,346; Funchal 24,687.
jhaplain in the World War. In 1913 emigrants went chiefly
the diocese celebrated the fourth centenary of its Economics. — Of the total area, 26.2 per cent is
foundation. Within the last few years two prominent cultivated, 17.3 per cent is forest, and 43 per cent
priests died there. Rev. Pedro M. Berrios, P. A., is waste land. In 1919 the chief crops were: wheat
V.G., who had labored in Porto Rico for fifty years 4,767,665 bushels, rye 1,785,838; oats 3,037,831;
and was renowned for his charity; and Rev. Jos6 barley 1 ,009,780. The prciduction of wool amounted
Nazaire, a noted scholar and preacher. During the to 6,244,684 pounds. The olive trees cover about
recent war the clergy and laity of the diocese co- 825,000 acres, producing an annual averaee of
operated in every patriotic movement. A brigade 12,760,000 gallons of oil. The imports of the
17,000 strong was formed and was ready for em- country in 1919 were valued at £52,110,675; the
barkation when the armistice was signed. Further- exports, £24,874,650. Wine formed the staple
more, the regiment of Porto Rican infantry, a regular import, the quantity amounting in 1919 to 12,458,220
organization, served in the Canal Zone. gaUons, valued at £7^940,582. The revenue in
There are about 1,000,000 Catholics in the islands English pounds steriing m 1920-21 was £26,913,445;
which comprise the diocese, American, Spanish and the expenditure, £52,802,831. On 30 June, 1920
Porto Rican. According to 1921 statistics there are the external debt of Portugal was £36,287,252. The
78 parishes, 83 churches, 20 missions, 78 secular internal debt amounted to 1.113,601,347 escudos
and 30 regular priests, 7 Brothers. 14 convents of (1 escudo = $1 .080, normal exchange),
men and 5 of women, 1 seminary witn 24 seminarians. Government. — The constitution of 20 August,.
1 preparatory college for boys with 6 teachers and 1911, provides for two Chambers, the National Coun-
an attendance of 90, 5 for women with 285 students, cil (164 members in 1921). elected by direct suflFrage
10 elementary schools with 4000 pupils. Charitable for three years, and the Second or Upper Chamber
institutions mclude 3 houses, 5 asylums, and 5 (71 members), elected by all the Municipal Councils,
hospitals. The Mission Helpers conduct a school The President is elected by both Chambers with a
for the deaf and dumb, and work amongst the poor, mandate for four years, but cannot be re-elected.
All public institutions are visited and ministered to H® appoints the Ministers, who, however, are re-
by priests. The Knights of Columbus, Catholic sponsible to Pariiament. For judicial purposes the
Daughters of America, and many parochical societies republic is divided into 193 comarcas, eacn havinc
are established in the diocese. Two Catholic peri- a court of first instance. There are 2 courts of appeJ
odicals "La Verdad" and "El Amigo de Todos,'^are ?t Lisbon and Oporto, and a Supreme Court at
published. Lisbon.
Education. — In 1915 there were 6706 public
Porto and Santa Boflna, Diocese OF (Portuensis elementary schoob with 342,763 pupils; in 1919,
ET Sanctae Rufinae; cf . C. E., XII— 290a), subur- 32 secondary schools (with 11,791 pupils in 1917).
bicarian see in Italy. The present archbishop is For higher education, there are three Universities at
Cardinal Antonio Vico, b. 1847, elected titular Arch- Lw.^^' Coimbra, and Oporto, a technical school at
bishop of Philippi and delegate apostolic to Colombia ■^'>op» special colleges of music, art, commercial
1897, apostolic nuncio to Belgium, 1904, and to Spain schools, a military academy at Lisbon, and a naval
1907, created cardinal priest 1911, chose the see of school.
Porto and Santa Rufina 1915, prefect of Rites 1918. Recent History.-— Smce the proclamation of the
The diocese has 19 parishes, 26 priests, 30 churches J^pubhc on 6 October, 1910, there have been no
and chapels, and 4652 Catholics. *®w®' than seven revolutions, or attempted revolutions
in Portugal. Two of these have been monarchical,
Portoviejo, Diocese of (Portus Veteris; cf. C. for the restoration of the deposed King Manuel II,
E., XII — 294d), in Ecuador, suffragan of Quito, now living in England; the rest have been due to one
The area of the diocese is 13,200 square miles, and the faction of the Republican party attempting to oust
Catholic population is 78,000. There are: 2 secular its rivals, so that it might enjoy the benefits of office,
priests, 1 regular priest, and 1 religious community The President chosen for 1911-15 was Manoel de
of women in the diocese. At present the see is vacant. Arriga, who survived the invasion of Royalists in
The administrator apostolic is Rt. Rev. Andres 1912. This movement failed from lack ot support
Machado, S. J., Bishop of Guayaquil. from the Monarchists. In a compromise between
_ ^ . _ _ „ ex-King Manuel and Dom Pedro at Dover on 22
Portsmoutt, Diocese of (Portusmuthensis; January, 1912, the latter renounced the throne, so
cf. C. E., XII— 296d), suffra^fan of Westminster, that the followingRoyalist risings were in support of
England. The present bishop is Rt. Rev. William King Manuel. The vigorous anti-clerical policy of
Timothy Cotter, b. 1866, ordained 1892, conse- the Government at this time aroused attentioA
