ITALY
242
ITALY
cept on questions of morality; and the establishment schools had in all 3759 students, a decrease of 445
of premiums in proportion to the number of children during the preceding five years. There are five con-
who obtain the diploma of the course. servatories of music belonging to the Government,
ELEMENTARY INSTRUCTION
Infant Asylums
Elementary, various
Night
Festive and Autiunnal . . Complementary for Girls
Normal for Bovs
Normal for Girls
53,259
4,159
2,394
78
105,598
72,713
4,701
1.921
19,818
201
0-12
005
TEACHERS
5,587
57,331 3,166 2,517
MEAN
PER 1000
INHAB.
TEACHERS
According to the law of 13 November, 1859, sec-
ondary instruction is of two kinds, classical and tech-
nical. The classical course of the first grade is given
in the gymnasia (colleges) and extends over a course of
five years; that of the second grade is given in the ly-
ceums, the course being three years. The technical
instruction is also of two grades, the first, given in
the technical schools, lasts three years, and the second,
in the technical or in the nautical institutes, the
course lasting four years. Ordinarily the burden of
secondary instruction is divided among the State,
the province, and the communes.
and forty-eight private institutions, with five thou-
sand five hundred students and four hundred and
forty-four teachers. Superior instruction includes
four faculties: law, medicine and surgery, mathe-
matics, physics and natural science, philosophy and
rhetoric. There belong to it also the schools of
pharmacy and the independent veterinary schools
of Milan, Naples, and Turin, the schools of applied en-
gineering of Rome and of Bologna, the superior schools
of commerceof Bari, Genoa, Venice, Milan, and Rome,
those of agriculture of Milan, Portici, Perugia, and
Florence, those for teachers at Rome and at Florence,
SECONDARY INSTRUCTION
Type of School
Gymnasia
Lyceums
Technical Schools. . Technical Institute; Nautical Institutes
NUMBER
SCHOOLS
284
159
298
34,219
13,812
55,597
13,830
2.291
MEAN
PER
100,000
INHAB.
TEACHERS
5,400
2,175
3,202
1,388
208
442
187
106
24,850
4,962
3,623
378
PER
100,000
INHAB.
Of other special courses of secondary instruction and the naval school at Genoa. Superior instruction
that are not wholly allied with those to which reference is given in seventeen state universities, which, in the
has already been made are given by the State under Middle Ages, had been centres of knowledge and cul-
the ministry of Public Instruction and under that of ture forall Europe: the UniversitiesofBologna(1200?),
Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, and also by Padua (1222 ?), Naples (1224), Rome (1303), Ca-
the autonomous divisions of the kingdom. gliari, Catania, Genoa, Macerata, Messina, Modena,
SPECIAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Public
Private
Ttpe of School
NUMBER
ESTABLISH-
STUDENTS
PER
100,000
INHAB.
TEACHERS
NUMBER
MENTS
STUDENTS
MEAN
100,000
INHAB.
TEACHERS
Schools of Practical Agriculture
Special Schools of Agriculture
Schools of Mines (Agordo, Iglesias,
27
3 72 185 27 26 1
1,251
639
16,9'i:'i 20,442 3,415 7,13:) 241
3-6
IS
0-2 49-.S 62-2
10
21
0.7
124
73
20 726 679 288 486
14
82
201 37 107
?
?
? ?
?
7 7 7
7
7
C.nn 1 ~. Is
l',,,l. - M.M ,1 -.1,..., Is for Women
7
7
There are thirteen government institutes for the Palermo,Parma,Pavia, Pisa, Sassari, Siena, and Turin,
study and assistance of the fine arts, and as many Tlirre are four free universities, those of Perugia,
other cstablishmonts of the same kind lliat arc not Cariu'iiiio, Urhino, and Ferrara. Higher education is
government.'d, with two hundred and t wcnty-sc\eii al-<(i riiniished by three law scliools connected with the
teachers. In the school year of 190.3-1900 these lyccums of .\quila, Bari, and Catanzaro, by the three
