LUNI-aARZAKA-BRnOllATO 436 LUPUS
Loni-Sanana-Bnignato, Diocese of, in the 10 religious houses of men, and 25 of women, 6 schools
province of Genoa. Luni (originally Luna) was an for boys and 8 forjprls, and a Catholic periodical.
Etruscan city, but was seized by the Ligurians. At CAFPBLLmrn, U Chiete dTItaUa (Venice, 1857), XIII: Pro-
aa uncertain «iate it was token by the Romans under SSii'r25!rXiS(JSS.~ (cJi.^ ^""^
DomitiusCalvmus. In 177 b.c, and under the Second U. Benigni.
Trimnvirate, Roman colonies were established there.
The port, though far from the city (the modern port of Lupna (Servatus Lupus, Loup), Abbot of Fer-
Spesia), was very important even in antiqmty, and rfdres, French Benedictine writer, b. in the Diocese
the marble of Luna, known to^y as Carrara marble, of Sens, about 805; d. about 862. He assumed the
was veiy renowned. In the fiftii century Luna was surname of Servatus in commemoration of bis miracu-
»cked by the Vandals, and m 650 by the Lombards, lous escape from danger either in a serious illness or on
From the ninth century onwards it suffered the depre- the battlefield. He began his education at Ferri^res
dations of the Saracens, the last tune m 1016 under under Aldric and completed it at Fulda under Ra-
Mocehit, who, however, was conquered the same year banus Maurus. During his residence at Fulda (c. 830-
(8 June) by the Genoese and Pisan fleets. The city 35) he became an intimate friend and disciple of the
never recovered, however, and m 1058 the inhabitants learned Emhard. Even before he returned to his na-
cmigrated to the modern Sarzana. Rmns are still tive land he had become favourably known at court
visible of an amphitheatre, a semicircular theatre, a and was especially esteemed by the Empress Judith,
circus, and an aquanum. Numerous sixth century in- the second wife of Louis the Pious. To her and her son
scnptions, some of which are Oinstian. have been found Charles the Bald, whose political interests he always
at Luni. The sole record of its ancient importance defended, he owed his nomination as Abbot of Fer-
survives m the name of Lumgiana. Sarzana (sup- n^^ros (22 November, 840). Subsequently he took a
posed to be dcnyed from Semana) is a smaU city on prominent part in contemporary political and eccle-
the nrfit bank of the River Magrw, nearly four miles siastical events, even assuming active command on the
from the 8^. It is first mentioned in 963. The tem- battlefield several tunes. During the war between
poral junsdiction of Sar^a was vested m the bishops Charles the Bald and Pepin of Aquitaine he was cap-
of Luni, though it was often cont^ted by the Malas- tured and held prisoner for a short time (844). The
pina marquesses. Later it passed to the Pisans and game year he was sent to Burgundy to cany out the
to the Genoese. In 1353 a congress of princes and monastic reforms decreed by the Synod of Germigny
representatives of the republics of Italy was held at (843), and attended the Council of Vemeuil on the
Sarzana. In the Middle Ag^ it was an important oise, the Acts of which have been written by him.
stoategic point; the walls and bastions are still visible. He was also present at several other councils, notably
while the citadel, which was erected in 1263 by the that of Soissons in 853, and played an important part
Pisans and destroved and rebuilt by Lorenzo de Medici in the contemporary controversy regarding predesti-
(1488) and by C^les VIII (1496), serves to-day as a nation. He believed in a twofold predestination, not
prison. The cathedral was built after 1200, and was indeed in the sense that God predestined some men to
aevenU timCT restored (1355, 1474, and in 1664 by Car- damnation, but that he foreknew the sins of men and
dbnalCa^dnm). It con tains picture ^^ foreordained consequent punishment. The closing
Fie^lla (called II Sarzana ), BaJletti (Coronation of yeara of the life of Lupus were saddened by the threats
Fredenck III), and sculptures by Baratta. The ceiling ened devastation of his monastery by the invading
m carved wood is the work of Pietro Giambelli. In a Normans. He occupies a prominent place in medieval
precious rehquary is preserved a lacnmatory in which, literary history, being one of the most cultured and
according to a pious legend, Nicodemus collected some refined men of the ninth century. His letters, of which
drops of the Blood of Christ. The arehives of the we possess 132, are distinguished for literary elegance
cathedral contain the precious '*Codex Pallavicinus ", and valuable historical information. As a hagiogra-
a collection of notarial documents and deeds made in pher he has left us a "Life of St. Maximin ", Bishop of
1226 by Bishop Guglielmo Pallavicino. The church trier (d. 349) and a "Life of St. WiglM?rt, Abbot of
of S. Francesco is also important. Fritzlar in Hesse (d. 747). In the controversv on prc-
The episcopal see dates at least from the fifth century, destination he wrote his "De tribus quwstionibus^', a
In the sixth century St. Terentius and St. Venantius, work which treated of the threefold question of free
a friend of St. Gregory the Great, flourished. Under will, predestination, and the universality of redemp-
Bishop Felerandus the above-mentioned relic of the tion. To illustrate the teaching of the Church on these
Blood of Christ is said to have l^een brought to Luni. topics he brought t<^ther pertinent passages from
St. Ceccardus (892) was murdered by barbarians, the Fathers in his "<%llectaneum de tribus quaestio-
When Luni was abandoned, the episcopal see was fixed nibus."
at Sarzana, then at Sarzanello, and finally at Castel- The fint complete scientifie edition of the works of Lupus
nuovo. In 1202 Innocent III transferred the see to ^^•■l«*>lfefe?U^y.5^^P^^^*™'i.?^*^^T®'^'A^^^^» roprint
SM«na Gualtiero being the bishop In 1306 Dante &^.^rf&^ip*!tS~f>SS;.:^nitB?rS„?VK
went to Sarzana, and succeeded m setthng a dispute Li/« if Si. Maxtmin, ibid.. Script. Rer. Merov. (ed. Krusch),
between Bishop Antonio Camulla and the Marquess ni (Hanover. 18W), 74-83: Ljr« of St. Wva^^ i^.. Scrips
lff«1«<i*v;«iA 'Tk^k rkrwk4-'«> arxi^ttw^ \>M^m^;»oy%:~wl a f <>«r toTtt (ed. HoLDBR-Eoowi)t XV (Hanovef, 1887), 3« -43. Seoabo
Malaspina. The poet s sojourn here inspired a few spbotte. Biographic dB%AUf Serrate Lupu» (iutisbon. 188O);
" temne of the " Lh vine Comedy ". In 1 355 (Jharles Lkyillain , EtuJk rar U» UUrt» <f« Loup de Ferrih-e* m Biblioth.
and the church of S. Maria delle Grazie. Other illus- N. A. Weber.
trious bishop were Cardinal Simone Pasqua (1561);
Giovanni Selvaco (1590), the founder of the seminair; Lupna (Wolf). Christian, historian, b. at Ypres
Giulio Cesare Lomellino (1757), the reformer of the (Flanders), 23 Julv, 1612; d. at Louvain, 10 July,
diocese; Vincenzo M. Maggioli (1795), put to flight by 1681. He ioined the Auffustinian Order at the age of
tito Jacobins. In 1787 the Diocese of PontremoTi. and fifteen, ana on the completion of his studies, was ap-
in 1821 that of Massa Ducale were separated from Luni- pointed lecturer in theolcgv, to the younger members
Sarzana, but the Diocese of Brugnato, separated from of the order at Ck>lofi;ne. While occupying this position
Limi by Innocent II in 1133, was added in 1822. The he won the confidence of the nuncio, Fabio Chigi,
diocese of Luni-Sarzana is directly subject to the afterwards Alexander VII. In 1640 Lupus was ap-
Holy See, but Brugnato is a suffragan of G«ioa; the pointed professor of theology at Louvain, but, owing
united diocese has 107 parishes with 165,000 souls, to his zeal for the teaching of St. Augustine, was su6-
