ARMORY 264 Harvey introduced the process of car- bonizing the face of armor -plate, great- ly increasing its hardness. The plate, having been placed in a furnace, is cov- ered with a layer of carbonizing mate- rial about a foot thick, over which is laid a covering of brick to exclude the flame and air from the carbonizing mate- rial. The doors of the furnace are bricked up and a high heat maintained for about 100 hours. The plate is re- moved and its surface cleared when cold, it is then reheated, and sprayed with cold water, producing an exceedingly hard surface. This Harveyized steel was used for nearly all the American and foreign men-of-war, until, in 1895, a process was discovered at the iron works of Krupp, at Essen, by which the face of the plate was nade so hard that it cut glass like a diamond, while the back remained so tough that it would suffer no injury from cracks when struck by a projectile. The Krupp process is somewhat similar to, and an improvement on, the Harvey process. A Harveyized plate has been pierced to a depth of 14 inches by a 6-inch soft- capped projectile, so that the cap showed on the back. The Krupp armor is per- forated, but not cracked, by a projectile with a velocity exceeding 2,500 feet per second. The Harvey plate is cracked but rarely perforated at a velocity of less than 2,000 feet per second. The projec- tiles used for testing purposes vary from 100 pounds to 850 pounds in weight. ARMORY, a building used for the housing, assembling, and drilling of troops, for the storage of arms and equipment, or for purposes of defense. In the United States the term is gener- ally employed in speaking of local head- quarters of the National Guard. ARMOUR, JONATHAN OGDEN, an American capitalist, born in Milwaukee in 1863. He studied at Yale, but with- out having completed his course, he en- tered the meat-packing business of his father, Philip D. Armour, and on the death of the latter became head of the firm of Armour & Co. In this capacity he came in constant conflict with com- mittees appointed to investigate the meat-packing business, from 1914 to 1920. He strongly defended the course of the meat packers throughout the war m newspapers and periodicals. He wrote "The Packers and the People" (1906). ARMOTTR, PHILIP DANFORTH, an American merchant and philanthropist, born in Stockbridge, N. Y., May 16, 1832; received a common school educa- FOSB ARMOR-PIERCING SHELL
