ARTILLEBY SCHOOLS 287 AEUNDEL Gitn Mounts. — The problem of mount- jng a high-powered gun of large caliber in such a way as to admit of manipulat- ing it freely and controlling the tremen- doi>s shock of the recoil is a difficult and complicated one. Figure 2, Plate A, shows three 14-inch guns of the U. S. S. Idaho on a single mount as installed in each of the turrets of the ship. The photo- graph shows the three guns firing simul- taneously. The power developed by a ' salvo of this kind would suffice to lift a city skyscraper some four feet off its Monroe, Va., first established in 1823, discontinue, re-established in 1867, dis- continued again in 1898, and again re- opened in 1900, gives instruction, both theoretical and practical. The artillery regiments of the regular army have each one foot-battery at the school; term of instruction, one year. A school of five for field artillery was opened at Fort Sill in 1911. All of the other important artillery powers have artillery schools, France at Fontainebleau, England at Woolwich, Italy at Natturno, etc. THE GERMAN LONG-DISTANCE GUN THAT SHELLED PARIS FROM A POINT 75 MILES AWAY foundation. Plate B shows one of these guns photographed in a way to illustrate its length, which is a little more than 70 feet. The length of the 16-inch gun previously referred to is about 10 feet greater. Plate C shows a 14-inch gun on a specially designed railway mount as used at the French front, together with its powder charge and projectile. Five of these guns were used in the last months oi the World War and with great effect. They were the most pow- erful guns used on either side during the war, either ashore or afloat; and they were designed and built, with their mounts, at the Naval Gun Factory at Washington, and were transported to the front and operated there by officers and men of the United States Navy. The freak gun used by the Germans in their long-range bombardment of Paris had a greater range than these guns, but its projectile weighed only 200 pounds as against 1,400 for the Ameri- can gun, and the damage to be antici- pated from an explosion of its projectile was not more than 5 per cent, as great. ARTILLERY SCHOOLS, institutions established for the purpose of giving a special training to the officers, and, in some cases, the men, belonging to the ar- tillery service. In Great Britain the ar- tillery schools are at Woolwich and Shoe- buryness. An artillery school at Fort ARTOCARPACEiE, a natural order of plants, the bread-fruit order, by some botanists ranked as a sub-order of the urticacese, or nettles. They are trees or shrubs, with a milky juice, which in some species hardens into caoutchouc, and in the cow tree (brosimiim galactO' dendron) is a milk as good as that ob- tained from a cow. Many of the plants produce an edible fruit, of which the best known is the bread-fruit (arto- carpus). ARTOIS, a former province of France, anciently one of the 17 provinces of the Netherlands, now almost completely in- cluded in the department of Pas de Calais. ARUM, a genus of plants belonging to the order aracese, or arads. It contains the well known A. maculatum, the cuckoo-print (meaning point), lords and ladies, or wake robin. The solitary spikes of bright scarlet berries may often be seen under hedges in winter, after the leaves and spadix have disappeared. They are poisonous. The rhizomes are used in Switzerland for soap. There is in them an amylaceous substance, which after the acrid matter has been pressed out, may be employed in lieu of bread flour. ARUNDEL, THOMAS, third son of Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, born in 1352, died in 1413. He was
