BOULDEB 133 BOUBBON charter in 1882; is the seat of the State University; and has National banks, and daily and weekly periodicals. The famous Boulder caiion is a local object of wide interest to the tourist. Pop. (1910) 9,539; (1920) 11,006. BOULDEB, a large, rounded block of stone, which, whether lying loose on the surface of the ground or imbedded in the soil, is of different composition from the rocks adjacent to which it now rests, and must, therefore, have been trans- ported from a lesser or greater distance. From the last mentioned facts, boulders are often called erratic blocks or simply erratics. BOULDEB CLAY, a clay stratified or unstratified, belonging to the boulder formation. BOULEVABD (bol-var), a French word formerly applied to the ramparts of a fortified town, but when these were leveled, and the whole planted with trees and laid out as promenades, the name boulevard was still retained. Mod- ern usage applies it also to many streets, which are broad and planted with trees, although they were not originally ram- parts. The most famous boulevards are those of Paris. BOULOGNE (bo-lon-ye or bo-lon), or BOULOGNE-SUB-MEB, a fortified sea- port of France, department of Pas de Calais, at the mouth of the Liane. It consists of the upper and lower town. The former is surrounded with lofty walls, and has well-planted ramparts; the latter, which is the business part of the town, has straight and well-built streets, and is semi-English in char- acter, many of the sign-boards being in English. Boulogne was one of the chief British depots in France during the World War. In the castle, which dates from 1231, Louis Napoleon was impris- oned in 1840. Boulogne has manufac- tories of soap, earthenware, linen and woolen cloths; wines, coal, corn, butter, fish, linen and woolen stuffs, etc., are the articles of export. Napoleon, after deep- ening and fortifying the harbor, en- camped 180,000 men here with the inten- tion of invading England at a favorable moment. Pop. about 53,000. BOULOGNE, a village of France, de- partment of the Seine, between the Seine and the wood of the same name (the well known Bois de Boulogne), 4 miles W. of Paris, and forming a sub- urb of the French metropolis. The ad- joining Bois is, in the summer season, the favorite promenade of the Parisian Jfashionables. The Chateau de Madrid, in this wood, built by Francis I., was demolished in the reign of Louis XVI.; and only a small part now remains of the Chateau de la Muette, some time occupied by Louis XV. Pop. about 57,- 000. BOUND BBOOK, a borough of New Jersey in Somerset co. It is on the Bal- timore and Ohio, the Central of New Jersey, the Lehigh Valley, and the Phil- adelphia and Reading railroads, and on the Raritan river and the Delaware and Raritan canal. It is an important in- dustrial community and has manufac- tures of moving-picture films, woolen goods, engines, asbestos products, paint, and lumber. There is a public library, a hospital, and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 3,970; (1920) 5,906. BOUNTY, a grant or benefaction from the Government to those whose services directly or indirectly benefit it, and to whom, therefore, it desires to accord some recompense, or at least recogi.- tion. In law and commerce, it is a pre- mium paid by a government to the pro- ducers, exporters or importers of cer- tain articles, or to those who employ ships in certain trades. This is done either with the view of fostering a new trade during its infancy, or of protect- ing an old one which is supposed to be of special importance to the country. In 1890, Congress passed an act providing for a premium to be paid to the produc- ers of cane, beet, and sorghum sugar by way of bounty. This act greatly stim- ulated the sugar-producing industry of the country. BOUNTY JUMPEB, a term used dur- ing the Civil War in the United States to denote one who enlisted in the United States military service to secure the bounty paid by the Government for vol- unteers, and then deserted. BOUBBON (bor-bon'), an ancient French family which has given three dynasties to Europe, the Bourbons of France, Spain, and Naples. The first of the line known in history is Adhe- MAR, who, at the beginning of the 10th century, was Lord of the Bourbonnais (now "the department of Allier). The power and possessions of the family in- creased steadily through a long series of Archambaulds of Bourbon, till, in 1272, Beatrix, daughter of Agnes of Bourbon and John of Burgundy, married Robert, sixth son of Louis IX. of France, and thus connected the Bourbons with the royal line of the Capets. Their son, Louis, had the barony converted into a dukodom and became the first Due de Bourbon. Two branches took their or-
