BOYLE'S LAW 142 BOZEMAN BOYLE'S LAW, or MARIOTTE'S LAW, a law in physics to the effect that the volume of a gas will vary inversely to the pressure to which it is subjected, the temperature being constant. BOYNE, a river of Ireland, rises in the Bog of Allen, County Kildare, and flows N, E. through Meath to Drogheda, below which it enters the Irish Sea. It is navigable for barges up to Navan. The Boyne will ever be memorable in English history for the important vic- tory gained on its banks about 3 miles above Drogheda, July 1, 1690, by the forces under the command of William III., over those of James XL Though James' personal courage was beyond all question, he, on this occasion, allowed the prudence of the sovereign to outweigh the impulses of the soldier. Of his troops 1,500 were killed and wounded, while William lost barely 500 men. In 1736 an obelisk, 150 feet high, was erected at Oldbridge, on the site of the battlefield, in commemoration of this victory. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA, an or- ganization designed to help in the pres- ervation of the health and formation of the character of its members. It was in- corporated Feb. 8, 1910, and chartered by Act of Congress June 15, 1916. The movement is intended to furnish a whole- some outlet for the activities of young boys by cultivating outdoor sports un- der wise leadership and at the same time to instil moral principles that will make them upi'ight men and good citizens. It is akin to the Boy Scout movement in Great Britain and in other countries. There is no military object sought to be obtained, and the uniform and drill adopted have their chief value in form- ing a desirable esprit de corps. The ideal of the movement is sei-vic^^service to others and also to their own highest ideals. Each member subscribes to the jEoUowing oath: On my honor, I will do my best— -1. To do my duty to God and my country and to obey the Scout Law. 2. To help other people at all times. 3. To keep myself physically strong, men- tally awake, and morally straight. Scouts are organized into patrols and these again into troops. A patrol con- sists of eight boys and there are four patrols to a troop. The troop is under a scoutmaster in whose selection much care is exercised, as it is of first impor- tance that he should be in hearty sym- pathy with youth and yet at the same time be mature and judicious enough to exercise a wise leadership over the grow- ing boys. Each troop, which is usually, though not necessarily, connected with some church or school, m-'^*^ hold a char- ter from the National Council. The sports and crafts included in the Scout program practically cover the whole range of outdoor life. Fishing, cycling, camping, wood lore, signaling, tracking are some of these. Then, too, the crafts are given much attention. Excellence in photography, gardening, telegraphy, forestry, etc., is stimulated by the award of special medals. The rich and poor are on precisely the same footing and snobbishness is a thing unknown. There are three grades, the Tenderfoot, the Second Class and the First Class. The Scouts pledge themselves to do a good turn daily to some one. The whole aim of the movement is to develop the Boy Scout into a vigorous, chivalric, right living man and loyal citizen of his country. As an organization, the Scouts have rendered sterling service to the Govern- ment during the World War. They were a valuable factor in the Liberty Loan campaigns. They secured subscriptions amounting to $278,744,650, and sold War Savings Stamps to an amount of $42,- 751,000. They co-operated, as far as their youth would allow, with the Red Cross, the War W^ork and other Govern- ment committees; collected 100 carloads of fruit pits for gas masks; distributed 30,000,000 pieces of literature and did a vast amount of related work that re- leased their elders for other tasks. Their patriotism was of the flaming kind, and all they asked was to be told what to do. General Pershing warmly commended their work. The membership of the organization in the United States in 1919 was 373,- 174. There were 16,768 troops and the men counsellors, scoutmasters and others connected with the work num- bered 102,020. So important a feature of our national life has the work become that courses have been introduced in some of the American universities for training scout leaders. The national headquarters of the organization are in New York. BOZEMAN, a city of Montana, the county-seat of Gallatin co. It is on the Northern Pacific and the Chicago, Mil- waukee and St. Paul railroads, and on the Gallatin river. It is the center of an important mineral region and in the neighborhood are deposits of coal and building stone. Its chief industries are agriculture and stock raising. There are flour rnills, lumber mills, and foun- dries. The" city is the seat of the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and has a public library and a handsome county and municipal building. Pop. (1910) 5,107; (1920) 6,183.
