BUDAPEST 220 BUDDHA tricts — Leopold stadt, Theresienstadt, Elisabethstadt, etc. The river is at this point somewhat wider than the Thames at London, and the broad quays of Pest extend along it for from 2 to 3 miles. Pest retains, on the whole, fewer signs of antiquity than many less venerable towns. Its fine frontage on the Danube .8 modern, and includes the new Houses of Parliament, the Academy, and other important buildings. The oldest church dates from 1500; the largest building is a huge pile used as barracks and arsenal. There is a well attended university, hav- ing, previous to the World War, over 7,500 students. There are also many other educational institutions, including a technical college, high, grammar, trade, and mercantile schools; and hos- pitals, and other charitable institutions. Its chief manufactures are flour, ma- chinery, gold, silver, copper, and iron wares, chemicals, silk, leather, tobacco, etc. In recent years the city has become one of the flour milling centers of the world. A large trade is done in grain, wine, wool, cattle, etc. Budapest is strongly Magyar, and, as a factor in the national life, may almost be regarded as equivalent to the rest of Hungary. It was not until 1799 that the population of Pest began to out-distance that of Buda; but from that date its growth was very rapid and out of all proportion to the increase of Buda. In 1799 the joint <?c as its capital. The Government fell March 22, 1919, and was succeeded by a Soviet government under Bela Kun. A reign of terror ensued that was ended only when the Rumanians captured the city Aug. 3, 1919. (See Austria-Hun- gary; World War.) BUDAUN (bo-da'-on) , a town of India in a district of the same name, United provinces, consisting of an old and a new town, the former partly surrounded by ancient ramparts. There is a hand- some mosque, American mission, etc. Pop. 39,000. BUDDHA (bo'dha), a man possessed of infinite or infallible knowledge; a dei- fied religious teacher. There was said to be a series of them, a number having come and gone before Gautama, the per- sonage described below. When no Buddha is on earth, the true religion gradually decays, but it flourishes in pristine vigor when a new Buddha is raised up. He is not, however, entitled at once to that honorable appellation; it is only after he has put forth arduous exertions for the faith that he attains to Buddhahood. Most of the Buddhas preceding the per- sonage described below appear to have been purely fabulous. His immediate predecessor, Kasyapa or Kassapo, may have been a real person. The word is chiefly applied to a distinguished per- sonage of Aryan descent, whose father THE great BUDDHA OF YUN-KANG population of the two towns was little was king of Kapilavastu, an old Hindu more than 50,000; since then it has kingdom at the foot of the Nepaulese grown very rapidly until now it is esti- Mountains, about 100 miles N. of Ben- mated at about 1,000,000. After the ares. He was of the Sakhya family, and signing of the Austrian armistice, Hun- the class of the Gautamas, hence his dis- gary seceded from the Austrian Empire tinguished son was often called Sakhya and established a republic with Budapest Muni, or Saint Sakya, and Gautama, or
