BURDETT-COUTTS 240 BUBGESS antecedents of the Democracy were "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion," He died in Saratoga, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1891. B IT R D E T T-C O IT T T S, ANGELA GEORGINA, BARONESS, daughter of Sir Francis Burdett, bom April 21, 1814. In 1837 she inherited much of the property of her grandfather, Thomas Coutts, the banker. Besides spending large sums of money in building and endowing churches and schools, she en- dowed the three colonial bishoprics of Cape Town, Adelaide, and British Colum- bia, founded an establishment in South Australia for the improvement of the aborigines, organized the Turkish Com- passionate Fund (1877), and established a fishery school at the Irish village of Baltimore (1887). To the city of Lon- don she presented, besides several hand- some fountains, the Columbia Market, Bethnal Green (1870), for the supply of fish in a poor district; she also built Columbia Square, consisting of model dwellings at low rents, for about 300 families; and the People's Palace owed much to her generosity. In 1871 she ac- cepted a peerage. In 1881 she was mar- ried to William Ashmead-Bartlett (born in 1851, who in 1882 obtained the royal license to assume her name, and who, in 1885, was elected Conservative mem- ber for Westminster. She died Dec. 30, 1906. BURDETTE, ROBERT JONES, an American journalist and humorist, born in Greensboro, Pa., July 30, 1844. He served in the Union army during the Civil War, He is famous for humorous newspaper skits, of rare variety, charm, and unrepetitious freshness; begun in the Burlington (la.) "Hawkeye," pf which he became associate editor in 1874. Among his works are "The Rise and Fall of the Mustache," a lecture (1877) ; "Hawkeyes," collected articles (1880) ; "Life of William Penn" (1882) ; "Sons of Asaph," "Chimes from a Jester's Bells," etc. He was licensed as a Baptist clergyman in 1887. BTJRDICK, FRANCIS MARION, an American jurist and legal writer, born in De Ruyter, N. Y., Aug. 1, 1845. He was graduated at Hamilton College in 1869 and at its Law School in 1872. He practiced law in Utica, N. Y., from 1872 to 1883, and was later Professor of Law at Hamilton College and at Cornell. From 1891 to 1916 he was Dwight Professor of Law at Columbia. He has written "Law of Sales," "Law of Partnership," and other legal text books. BURDOCK, the English name of arcthim, a genus of plants belonging to the order asteracese (composites) , and the sub-order tubuliflorse. The common burdock, A. lappa, is well known. BUREAU, a French word signifying a writing table or desk; also an office for transacting business, a department of government, or the officials that carry it on. In the United States, it is also used in the latter sense; but is univer- sally the word for a chest of drawers. BUREAUCRACY, government by de- partments of state, acting with some measure of independence of each other, instead of government by the heads of those departments acting as a cabinet on their joint responsibility. BURGER, GOTTFRIED AUGUST, (biirg'er), a German poet, born in Molmerswende, Anhalt, Dec. 31, 1747. Shakespeare and Percy's "Reliques of English Ballad Poetry" had a decisive influence in giving direction to his efforts at poetic expression. "Lenore" (1773), established his reputation as a poet, which was sustained by the ballads that followed it, "The Parson's Daugh- ter," "The Wild Huntsman," "The Song of the Brave Man," "Kaiser and Abbot." Specimens of his burlesque ballads are "The Robber Count." "The Wives of Weinsberg." He died in Gottingen, June 8, 1794. BURGESS, CHARLES FREDERICK, an American chemist and engineer; born in Oshkosh, Wis., June 5, 1873. After graduating from the University of Wisconsin, he entered its faculty as instructor and assistant professor of elec- trical engineering in 1895. Of an in- ventive turn of mind, he developed sev- eral new processes in electrolysis, and in 1904 was made investigator of elec- trolytic iron alloys for the Carnegie Institute and President of the Northern Chemical Engineering Laboratories. In 1910 he wrote "The Strength of the Alloys of Nickel and Copper with Elec- trolytic Iron," BURGESS, EDWARD, an American naval architect born in West Sandwich, Mass,, June 30, 1848. He was educated at Harvard, where he graduated in 1871, and became secretary of the Boston Society of Natural History. He was in- structor of entomology at Harvard from 1879 to 1883. He then became a de- signer of sailing yachts. In 1884 he designed the "Puritan," the winner of the America's Cup in 1885; and a year later the "Mayflower," the winner m 1886. He died in Boston, Mass,, July 12, 1891. BURGESS, (FRANK) GELETT, an American author and artist; born in
