BUBGESS 241 BURGOMASTEB Boston, Jan. 30, 1866. He was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, from which, he giraduated in 1887. He embraced civil engineering as a profession, and had considerable rail- way experience (1887-1890) in Calif ornia. In 1896 he took up literary work and speedily attracted favorable attention. Most of his writings were illustrated by himself. His work is of a whimsical and humorous nature. Among his publica- tions are "Vivette" (1897) ; "Goops and How to Be Them" (1900); "The Pica- roons" (1904) ; "Are You a Bromide?" (1906); "Love in a Hurry" (1913); "Mrs. Hope's Husband" (1917) ; etc. BURGESS, FREDERICK, an Ameri- can Protestant Episcopal bishop born in Providence, R. I., in 1853. He gradu- ated from Brown University in 1873, and from 1874 to 1875 studied at the General Theologicjal Seminary, after- ward spending a year in post-graduate studies in Oxford. He was ordained priest in 1877 and served as rector of several churches in New England, Penn- sylvania, and Detroit. He was rector of Grace Church, Brooklyn, from 1898 to 1902, and in the latter year he was consecrated bishop of Long Island. BURGESS, JOHN WILLIAM, an American educator, born in Cornersville, Tenn., Aug. 26, 1844. He was educated at Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., and at Amherst. He studied law, and began its practice at Springfield in 1869. During this year he was appointed Professor of English Literature and Political Economy at Knox College. Two years later, he studied abroad at Gottingen, Leipsic, and Berlin. On his return, he became Professor of History and Political Science at Amherst, and in 1876 Professor of Political Science and of Constitutional Law and in 1890 dean of the faculty of Political Science at Columbia University, New York. He was Roosevelt exchange pi'ofessor at the University of Berlin 1906-1907. He pub- lished a number of books and was ^ a frequent contributor to reviews on his- torical, political, and legal topics. BURGH, the same as Tjorough. The spelling borough is the common one in England, while burgh is that which chiefly prevails in Scotland. Examples: Scar-borough, Edin-burgh. A burgh of barony, in Scotland, is a certain tract of land created in a barony by the feudal superior, and placed under the authority of magistrates. A royal burgh in Scot- land is a corporate body created by a charter from the crown. There is a con- vention of royal burghs. In the United States the termination borough was for generations added to the names of places, as in England; but, under a de- cision of the United States Board on Geographic Names, the form is now boro, as Brattle-boro. BURGHER, a former subdivision of the Scottish Secession Church. The Se- cession, which originated through the withdrawal of Ebenezer Erskine and some other ministers from the Scottish establishment in 1732, split in two in 1747, part having felt free to take, while others refused what they deemed an en- snaring burgess oath. They reunited in 1820 under the name of the Associate Synod, and, joining with the "Relief" in 1847, formed the United Presbyterian Church. BURGKMAIR (bork'mer) , a family of German artists in the 15th and 16th centuries, the best known of whom is Hans, born in Augsburg in 1472. Sev- eral of his paintings are to be seen at Augsburg, Munich, Nuremberg, etc., but these have contributed far less to his fame than his woodcuts, which are not inferior to those of his friend, Albert Durer. The most celebrated is the series of 135 cuts representing the "Triumph of the Emperor Maximilian." He died in 1531. BURGLARY, the crime of breaking into an inhabited house, a church, or the gates of a town by night with the inten- tion of committing a felony. In the United States, burglary is punished by State laws, but the common law is gen- erally followed. Some States include breaking into shops, offices, warehouses, factories, and meeting houses as bur- glary. An Act of Congress of 1825 ex- pressly includes breaking into boats and vessels with intent to commit a felony. In some States the same deed done in the daytime is defined as burglary in the second degree. The night is the time, between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise, or when the fea- tures of a man cannot be clearly dis- cerned. In the United States, burglary is never punished by penal servitude for life, but long sentences are frequently imposed. BiJRGLEN" (burc'len), a village of Switzerland, in the canton of Uri, about a mile from Altorf; is the traditional birthplace of William Tell. The sup- posed site of the patriot's house is now occupied by a chapel, erected in 1522, upon the walls of which are represented certain well-known scenes from his history. BURGOMASTER, or BURGER- MEISTES. the title of the chief magis-
