CHIOS 478 CHISELHURST island at the S. end of the Venetian La- goon, connected with the mainland by a Btone bridge of 43 arches. It is founded on piles, and has a cathedral; its harbor, the deepest in the lagoon, is guarded by forts and batteries. Pop. about 40,000, most of them engaged in the coasting trade, lace-making, weaving, shipbuild- ing, and fishing. CHIOS (now called by the natives Chio, Italianized into Scio) , one of the most beautiful and fertile islands in the iEgean Sea, formerly belonging to Tur- key, now a possession of Greece, 7 miles off the coast of Asia Minor, at the en- trance to the Gulf of Smyrna; about 30 miles long from N. to S., by 8 to 15 miles broad, with a coast-line of about 110 miles, an area of 320 square miles, and a population of about 75,000, almost all Greeks. The larger N. part is more mountainous than the S. The climate is delightful and salubrious. Earthquakes are, however, not rare, and one in 1881 caused the death of 3,558 persons, and the destruction of much property. The wine produced on the N. W. coast, the Vinum Arvisiiiyn of ancient times, is still esteemed. Other products are figs, also noted in classical days; mastic, silk, lem- ons, oranges, and olives. Goats' skins are also exported. The capital, Chios, about the middle of the E. coast, contains about 15,000 inhabitants, and has a haven touched by various services of steamers, and doing a good trade. On the W. coast is a rich monastery, Nea-Moni, founded in the 11th century. In ancient times exec ent marble and potters' clay were quarried in the mountains, and recently pits of antimony and ochre have been worked. CHIPMUNK, a small animal much like a squirrel, of the genus Tamias, known as the striped squirrel. The com- mon chipmunk has a body five or six inches long, and a tail which is not so bushy as in other squirrels, and a little shorter. The fur is yellowish-brown mixed with gray above and white below, and the back and sides are marked with five black stripes running lengthwise. The feet are large and fitted with strong claws for digging. They burrow deep into the ground, usually under the roots of a tree or under a stone wall, and make a round nest at the bottom, generally with two entrances. CHIPPENDALE, THOMAS, an Eng- lish cabinet-maker ; went to London from Worcestershire before 1750. The style of furniture named after him was less heavy and severe than that of his suc- cessors, and was rather elaborate, deli- cate, and baroque, with classical tenden- cies. He wrote a "Cabinet-maker's Director" (1752). He died in 1779. The term "Chippendale" is often used to des- ignate 18th century furniture in general. CHIPPEWA FALLS, a town and county-seat of Chippewa co.. Wis.; on the Chippewa river, and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, and other rail- roads; 12 miles N. E. of Eau Claire. It is the seat of the County Insane Asylum and the State Home for the Feeble- Minded, and has important manufactures, large water power from the river, elec- tric lights, and street railways, daily and weekly newspapers, two National banks, etc. Pop. (1910) 8,893; (1920) 9,130. CHIRIQtri (che-re-ke'), an adminis- trative division of the Republic of Pan- ama, adjoining Costa Rica; area, about 6,500 square miles; pop. about 43,000. It is well wooded, and has rich pasturage, especially on the Atlantic coast. The Cordilleras that occupy the interior reach their highest point in the volcano of Chiriqui (11,265 feet). Chief town, David. On the N. coast is a spacious lagoon of the same name, with a depth of water for the largest ships, which re- ceives the unimportant Rio Chiriqui. CHIROMANCY. See PALMISTRY. CHIROPRACTIC, a drugless method of healing founded on the principle that interference with vital energy in its pas- sage through the nerves is the cause of disease and that relief of such interfer- ence restores health to abnormal organs. Chiropractic was originated by D. D. Palmer in Iowa in 1895. The chiroprac- tor claims that, in the body, every tissue, every function, is dependent upon vital energy, called "mental impulses," supplied through the nervous system from its cen- ter, which is the brain. The only place where interference can take place in this transmission is where the nerve trunks emerge from the spinal column through the tiny openings between adjacent verte- br£e. If these vertebrae are displaced, the size of the openings is decreased and the nerve fibers are impinged on. Health is to be restored by locating the spinal ab- normality and, by manipulation, reliev- ing the pressure on the nerve fibers. The Palmer School of Chiropractic, Daven- port, Iowa, the parent institution, is headed by Dr. B. J. Palmer, son of D. D. Palmer. By 1922 there were about 15,- 000 chiropractors in the United States. CHISELHURST, or CHISLEHURST, a village in Kent, England, 11 miles S. E. of London. Napoleon III. died here at Camden House in 1873.
