DUBESS 442 DUSE the "Revelations of St. John," with the frontispiece, 15 plates; the "Life of Mary," two prints, with the frontispiece. Diirer has also much merit as a winter, and published works on Human Pro- portion," "Fortification," and the "Use of the Compass and Square." He died in Niirnberg in 1528. DURESS, in law, a condition that may be either physical, that is, by actual con- finement or restraint of liberty, or moral, that is, by threats or menaces, duress per minas; in either case the overt act must be to compel a person to do some act, as to execute a deed or commit an offense: in such case the act is invalid and ex- cusable. Thus, if a man is violently as- saulted, and has no other possible means of escaping death, he is permitted to kill his assailant; for here the law of nature and self-defense, its primary canon, has made him his own protector. DURHAM, a city in Durham co., N. C. ; on the Southern Air Line, the South- ern, the Durham and South Carolina, and the Durham and Southern railroads; 26 miles N. W. of Raleigh. It is a tobacco and cotton-growing center, and the seat of Trinity College (M. E., S.). The manufacture of smoking tobacco is the staple industry of the place. It was the scene of the treaty between Generals Sherman and Johnston at the close of the Civil War. It has 2 National banks and two newspapers. Pop. (1910) 18,- 241; (1920) 21,719. DURHAM, an ancient city and parlia- mentary borough in England, capital of the county of the same name, on the river Wear, which is crossed here by four bridges, 14 miles S. of Newcastle. The principal public buildings are the ancient castle (now appropriated to the uses of the university), the cathedral, and other churches, the town hall, county prison, and the grammar school. The educational institutions comprise the university, the grammar school, training school for school-mistresses, and other schools. There are manufactures of car- peting and mustard. The cathedral oc- cupies a height overlooking the Wear. The larger portion of it is Norman in style, with insertions in all the English styles. Three magnificent and elabo- rately ornamented towers spring up from the body of the building, one from the center 212 feet high, and two together from the W. end, each 143 feet high; the entire length is 420 feet. It was founded by William de Carilephe and Malcolm, King of Scotland, in 1093. Pop. about 15,000. DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMB- TON. EARL OF, an English statesman; born in Lambton Hall, Durham, April 12, 1792. Of decided liberal sympathies, he was in 1813 elected to Parliament for his native county, and took an active part in furthering all projects of a re- forming tendency. In 1828 he was raised to the peerage, with the title of Baron Durham of the city of Durham. LTnder the administration of Lord Grey (1830) he held the office of Lord Privy Seal, and was one of the four persons who drew up the Reform Bill, and sup- ported it in the House of Lords. He re- signed ofl!ice in 1833 and was made an earl. For a time he was ambassador at St. Petersburg. In 1838 he was ap- pointed governor-general of Canada, where, owing to the revolt of the French in lower Canada, the constitution had been suspended. Lord Durham's meas- ures were statesmanlike, but dictatorial; and the House of Lords voted disap- proval of some of his acts. Thereupon he took the extraordinary step of return- ing to England without being either re- called or obtaining the royal consent. Lord Durham's famous report on Canada (which, however, was mainly written by his secretary, Charles Buller) antici- pated many of the best features in the present Canadian constitution. He died in Cowes, Isle of Wight, July 28, 1840. DiJRRENSTEIN (diir'en-stm) , a vil- lage in lower Austria, on the Danube, 41 miles N. W. of Vienna. Here are the ruins of the castle in which Leopold, Duke of Austria, imprisoned Richard Coeur de Lion on his return from Pales- tine, in 1192. DURUY, VICTOR (dii-rue'), a French historian; born in Paris, Sept. 11, 1811. He assisted Napoleon III. in compiling "The Life of Julius Caesar," and was made minister of public instruction in 1863. Among his historical works are: "History of the Romans" (2 vols. 1843) ; "State of the Roman World Toward the Time of the Founding of the Empire" (1853) ; "General Introduction to the History of France" (1865) ; "History of the Greeks" (5 vols. 1886). He also wrote the greater part of a "Universal History." He died Nov. 25, 1894. DURYEA, a borough of Pennsylvania, in Luzerne co. It is on the Lackawanna river, and on the Erie, the Lehigh Valley, and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroads. Its chief industries are the mining of coal and the manufac- ture of silk. Pop. (1910) 7,487; (1920) 7,776. DUSE, ELEONORA (do'sa), an Italian actress ; born in Vigevano, Italy, in 1861. She inherited histrionic talent • from her ancestors, and has gained a
