FAUST 107 FAVRE of Gambetta, Jules Favre, and Tirard, and as Minister of Marine in that of Dupuy. A moderate republican, he was elected president of the republic on the resignation of Casimir-Perier in 1895. He died in Paris, France, Feb. 16, 1899. FAUST, or FUST, JOHANN, one of the three artists to whom the invention of printing has been ascribed, was the son of a goldsmith at Mentz, Germany. The other two were Gutenberg and Schoffer; to the former of whom the in- vention of printing with wooden blocks has been attributed; and to the latter, who married the daughter of Faust, is allowed the honor of having invented punches and matrices, by means of which this grand art was carried to per- fection. It is believed that he died of the plague in 1466. FAUST, or FAUSTUS, DR. JOHANN, a famous magician, about whose name and existence so many obscure legends have grown, lived in the beginning of the 16th century, and was probably born at Knittlingen, in Suabia. After re- ceiving his education at Wittenberg, he went to Ingolstadt, where he studied medicine, astrology, and magic, and oc- cupied himself in alchemical experi- ments. Faust was a man of great scien- tific acquirements; and, according to legendary tradition, he made use of his powers to inspire his countrymen with a firm belief that he had dealings with the devil. The story of Dr. Faustus furnished the subject of a remarkable dramatic poem by Christopher Marlowe, and has been immortalized by the genius of Goethe. Gounod's well-known opera is also founded on this character. FAUSTINA, mother and daughter, wives of two of the noblest among the Roman emperors. The elder, Annia Ga- leria, usually spoken of as Faustina Senior, was the wife of Antoninus Pius, and died 141 a. D. ; the younger, known as Faustina Junior, was married to his successor, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, and died at a village near Mount Tau- rus in 175 A. D. Both, but particularly the younger, were notorious for the prof- ligacy of their lives, yet after their deaths their memories were marked with signal honors by their forgiving hus- bands, Institutions for the relief of poor girls were founded by both emperors, and were called "jmellse alimentarise Faustinse" (The Daughters of the Fos- tering Faustina). FAUX. See Fawkes. FAVERSHAM, WILLIAM, an actor, born in England in 1868. He was edu- cated at Hillmartin College. His first appearance on the stage was made in 1887. In the following year he came to the United States. He acted as support for Mrs. Fiske for 2 years and for the 6 years following was leading man at the Empire Theater. He played many impor- tant roles, and was recognized as one WILLIAM FAVERSHAM of the leading actors on the American and English stage. In 1902 he married Julie Opp, also well known on the American stage. FAVBE, JULES CLAUDE GABRIEL, a French advocate, author, and orator; born in Lyons, France, March 21, 1809. He was prosecuting his studies for the bar at the outbreak of the revolution of July, 1830, in which he took an active part. He soon afterward commenced practice and won a reputation for his independence and radicalism. After the revolution of February, 1848, Favre be- came secretary-general of the Ministry of the Interior. He acted for some time as Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and opposed the expedition to Rome of December, 1848. Favre became the strenuous opponent of Louis Napoleon after the latter's election to the .presi- dency. Favre's defense of Orsini in 1858 created a great sensation. In the same year he became a member of the legislative bo(!y ; after which time he dis- tinguished himself by his speeches in
