GIFFORD 319 GILBERT on the "Fortnightly Review" in 1873- 1876; and is the author of a number of reports, papers, and essays, which have given him a high rank. His works in- clude "American Railways as Invest- ments" (1873); "Stock Exchange Secu- rities" (1877) ; "Essays on Finance" (1879) ; "The Progress of the Working Classes" (1884). He died April 12, 1910. GIFFORD, ROBERT SWAIN, an American artist; born in Naushon Island, Mass., Dec. 23, 1840; received a common school education; studied with Albert Van Beest in Rotterdam, Holland; trav- eled through California and Oregon in 1869, and in Europe and North America in 1870-1871. His principal works in- clude "The Rock of Gibraltar"; "A Lazy Day in Egypt"; etc. He died in 1905. GIJON (he-h5n'), a city and seaport of Spain, on the Bay of Biscay, 20 miles N. E. of Oviedo. It manufactures to- bacco, glass, and earthenware; exports butter, cheese, fruits, hazelnuts and cop- per ore; and imports grain, flour, sugar, oil, iron, machinery, spirits, chemicals, and woven goods. Here Jovellanos founded the Collegiate Asturian In- stitute. Pop. about 55,000. GILA, RIO, a river of North Ameri- ca, an affluent of the Colorado of the West, origin in New Mexico; length, 450 miles. Its upper course is through moun- tains, with many deep and precipitous canons; further S. it flows through an open and comparatively level country, the valley being productive when irri- gated. About 200 miles from the Colo- rado is the reservation of the Maricopa and Pima Indians. Ancient ruins are numerous on the banks of the Gila. GILBERT, CASS, an American archi- tect, born in Zanesville, Ohio, in 1859. He was educated in the public schools at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology. He began the study of architec- ture in 1876. Among the notable build- ings which he designed are the Capitol of Minnesota at St. Paul; the Essex County- court house at Newark, N. J.; the Agri- cultural Building at the Omaha Exposi- tion; the Woolworth Building and the Custom House, New York; the Central Public Library at St. Louis; the Detroit Public Library; the New Haven Public Library; the Capitol of Arkansas, at Lit- tle Rock. He was appointed by Presi- dent Roosevelt as a member of the Council of the Fine Arts, and was re- appointed by Presidents Taft and Wil- son. He was a member of the National Jury of Architecture at the Paris Expo- sition, and was a founder of the Archi- tectural League of New York. He was also a member of many American and foreign architectural and art societies. GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY, an English navigator; born in Dartmouth, Devonshire, in 1539; educated at Eton and Oxford. Then, abandoning law for a career of arms, he did such good serv- ice against the Irish rebels as earned him knighthood and the government of Munster (1570), after which he saw five years' campaig^ning in the Netherlands. In 1576 appeared his "Discourse on a Northwest Passage to India," which was published by George Gascoigne, without his knowledge; two years later he ob- tained a royal patent to "discover and occupy remote heathen lands not actually possessed of any Christian prince or people." With his younger half-brother, GILA MONSTER GILA MONSTER, a poisonous lizard also called Sonoran heloderm. It is one of the largest lizards of North America, and is found in the sandy deserts of New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. Its scales are brilliant orange and jet black. Its bite is rapidly fatal to small mammals and birds, and very injurious, though seldom fatal, to man. The heloderms are the only lizards ascertained to be venomous. Sir Walter Raleigh, he set out on an ex- pedition (1578-1579) that failed. He set sail from Pljrmouth in June, 1583, and in August landed in Newfoundland, of which he took formal possession for Queen Elizabeth. He was shipwrecked and drowned Sept. 9, 1583. GILBERT, SIR JOHN, an English painter; born in Blackheath, near Lon- don, in 1817; placed at a mercantile
