GILBERTIIMES 317 GILGAL house in the city; and later studied art. In 1836 he began to exhibit both in oil and water colors; and in 1852 he was elected an associate, in 1853 a member, in 1871 the president of the Society of Painters in Water-colors, receiving soon after the honor of knighthood. He also became an A. R. A. in 1872, an R. A. in 1876, and a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. His oil paintings include "Don Quixote and Sancho Panza," "Education of Gil Bias." "Murder of Becket," "Joan of Arc Entering Orleans," "Crusaders," "Wohey at Leicester," and "Morning of Agincourt." He died in Villers-sur-Mer, France, Oct. 6, 1897. GILBERTINES, a religious order in the Roman Catholic Church, one of the few of English foundation. Its founder in 1148 was St. Gilbert, a native of Sem- pringham, in Lincolnshire. The rule of the order was mainly derived from that of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine. St. Gilbert also founded an order of nuns after the Benedictine institute. Both or- ders were approved, and had numerous convents in England at the time of the Reformation, when they shared in the general suppression. GILBERT ISLANDS, a group of small islands in Australasia, situated on the equator, extending from longitude 172" to 177° East, southeast of the Marshall Islands. The group constituting a British colonial possession, comprises eighteen small islands with a total of 166 square miles, the largest being the island of Tapiteuea. Most of the islands are fertile and large quantities of copra are produced. Population about 27,000, including 450 Europeans. GILBERTITE, a whitish, silky min- eral; apparently an impure kaolinite. It occurs near St. Austell in Cornwall, Eng- land. GILBOA (gil-bo'a), a chain of hills between 500 and 600 feet high, overhang- ing the site of the ancient city of Jezreel, and rising between the fertile plain of Esdraelon on the W. and the green valley of the Jordan on the E. It is memorable as the scene of the defeat and death of King Saul and his three sons at the hands of the Philistines. GILDER, JEANNETTE LEONARD, an American literary critic and editor, born in Flushing, L. I., N. Y., 1849. She was first associated with her brot..er, Richard Watson Gilder, in the editorial management of "Scribner's Monthly," now known as the "Century Magazine." Later she also became associated with another brother, Joseph B. Gilder, as editor of "The Critic," after which, in 1906, she became connected with "Put- Vol. IV— Cyc— u nam's Magazine." She wrote "Fen Por- traits of Literary Women" (1887) ; "Essays from The Critic" (1882) ; "Authors at Home" (1889) ; "Autobiog- raphy of a Tomboy" (1900); "The Tomboy at Work" (1904); and other collections and compilations. In 1909 she established and edited "The Reader," a guide for book buyers. She died in 1916. GILDER, RICHARD WATSON, an American editor; born in Bordentown, N. J., Feb. 8, 1844; received a private school education; served with the Union army during the Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania in 1863 ; was connected with the daily newspaper press and monthly periodicals till 1881, when he be- came editor-in-chief of "The Century." His publications, chiefly in poetry, in- clude "The New Day"; "The Celestial Passion"; "Lyrics"; "Two Worlds"; "The Great Remembrance"; "In Pales- tine"; etc. He died Nov. 18, 1909. GILDERSLEEVE, BASIL LANNEAXT. an American classical scholar; bom in Charleston, S. C, Oct. 23, 1831; grad- uated at Princeton in 1849, and studied in Germany for several years. He was professor of Greek and Latin at the Uni- versity of Virginia from 1856 to 1876, when he was appointed Professor of Greek at Johns Hopkins University. He is the founder and editor of the "Ameri- can Journal of Philology." Among his works are: "Persius" (1875); "Justin Martyr" (1875); "Odes of Pindar." He has published a Latin grammar and a volume of "Essays and Studies"; "Hellas and Hesperia" (1909) ; and with C. W. Miller "Syntax of Classical Greek from Homer to Demosthenes" (1900-1911); "Creed of the Old South" (1915). GILEAD, a mountainous district on the E. side of the Jordan, bounded by the Hieromax (Yarmuk), Arabia, Moab and Amnion, and the Jordan. The district was given to the tribes of Manasseh, Gad, and Reuben, because of the multi- tude of their cattle, and as a frontier land which was exposed to invasion. There is mention of Gilead in Gen. xxxvii. Ramoth (Es-Salt), Jabesh, and Jazer are three of the cities mentioned in Scripture. GILGAL (gil'gal), an ancient city near the Jordan, where the Israelites passed the river into Caanan, where they were circumcised and held the first Passover after leaving the desert (Joshua iv: 19). Here rested the tabernacle, till removed to Shiloh; here Samuel held court as judge of Israel, and here Saul was crowned. It is frequently mentioned in the Bible; a school of the prophets was
