GILGHIT 318 GILMAN established here (II Kings iv: 38), yet it afterward became a seat of heathen worship (Amos iv: 4). Josephus places it within 2 miles of Jericho, but no traces of it are at this day extant. GILGHIT, or GILGIT (gil-gif), a valley and district in Kashmir, India, on the S. slope of the Hindu Kiish, and watered by the Gilgit, or Yasm, a tribu- tary of the Indus. GILL, DAVID, SIR a Scotch astrono- mer; born in Aberdeen, June 12, 1843; educated at Marischal College. He was chief of staff of Lord Lindsay's observa- tory, founded in 1870; in charge of Lind- say's expedition to Mauritius in 1874 to observe the transit of Venus and the opposition of Juno, by means of the heli- ometer, for the determination of the solar parallax. He determined the longitudes of Malta, Alexandria, Suez, Aden, Bom- bay, Seychelles, Reunion, Mauritius, and Rodriguez by cable and chronometers, and measured the first base-line for the Egyptian triangulation at the request of the khedive. In 1877 he w^as in charge of the expedition to Ascension to observe the opposition of Mars for parallax ; and in 1879 appointed director of the Cape Observatory. In 1896-1897, he made the first geodetic survey of Natal, Cape Colony, and Rhodesia. He introduced cataloguing the stars by photographs. Wrote "History of the Royal Observa- tory, Cape of Good Hope" (1913). He died in 1914. GILLAEOO, a variety of the common trout, in which the coats of the stomach are said to be thickened like the gizzard of birds by feeding on shell-fish. GILLES, ST. (san zhel), a town in the department of Card, France, 12 miles S. S. W. of Beaucaire. Its territory pro- duces a strong red wine, which is ex- ported. GILLETTE, WILLIAM, an American playwright; born in Hai'tford, Conn., July 24, 1855. He is the author of sev- eral successful plays, in many of which he has assumed the leading parts. Among his best-known productions are: "The Professor" (1881); "Esmeralda" (1881), with Mrs. F. H. Burnett; "The Private Secretary"; "Held by the Enemy" (1886); "A Legal Wreck" (1888); "Too Much Johnson" (1895) ; and "Secret Ser- vice" (1896) ; "Sherlock Holmes"; "Cla- rice"; etc. GILLIUGHAM, a town of Dorsetshire, England, on the Stour, 22 miles W. of Salisbury. It is the center of a fruit- growing district. Near it are the "Pen Pits," thought variously to be quarry holes or prehistoric dwellings. GILLMORE, INEZ HAYNES, an American author, born of American parents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1873; received her common school education in Boston, then took a special course in Radcliffe College, from 1897 to 1900. She was first married to Rufus Hamilton Gillmore, and later to William H. Irwin. Together with Maud Wood Park she founded the National College of the Equal Suffrage League. She is the author of "June Jeopardy" (1908) ; "Maida's Little Shop" (1910) ; "Phoebe and Ernest" (1910); "J a n e y" (1911); "Phoebe, Ernest and Cupid" (1912) ; "Angel Island" (1914) ; "The Ollivant Orphans" (1915); "The Lady of King- doms" (1917); "The Happy Years" (1919), and many short stories published in American magazines. GILLMORE, QUINCY ADAMS, an American military officer; bora in Black River, Lorain co., O., Feb. 28, 1825; graduated at West Point in 1849. He was promoted captain in 1861, and Brig- adier-General of volunteers early m 1862. He displayed skill as an engineer by the capture of Fort Pulaski in April, 1862, and was appointed commander of the Department of the South in June, 1863. He made a successful attack on Morris Island in July, 1863, began to bombard Fort Sumter and Chaiieston in August, and took Fort Wagner in September; Fort Sumter was reduced to a ruinous condition, but its garrison continued to hold it till Feb. 17, 1865. General Gillmoi-e commanded the 10th Corps near Richmond in 1864, and was brevetted Major-General U. S. A., in 1865. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 7, 1888. GILL NET, a net suspended in a stx'eam, having meshes which allow the heads of the fish to pass, and which catch in the gills to prevent the fish from detaching itself. GILL SAC, in ichthyology, one of the rudimentary gills constituted by sacs, oc- curring in the myxinoids and lampreys. A gill of the ordinary fishes is the homo- logue, not of a single gill sac, but of the continuous halves of two of them. GILMAN, CHARLOTTE PERKINS, an American lecturer and writer, born in Hartford, Conn., 1860. In 1890 she began lecturing on ethics, economics and sociol- ogy, and especially on the place of women in the social structure. She is one of the chief exponents of modern feminism. Since 1909 she has edited and published "The Forerunner," a magazine dedicated to women and economics. She was the author of; "Women and Eco- nomics" (1898); "In This Our World"
