GLADSTONE 325 GLAND brids — e. g. the first two to G. gandaven- sis, which again stands at the head of many new series of hybrids and varieties. The scarlet G. brenchleyensis is similarly a standard form. The corm of G. communis was formerly officinal; and the Hottentots dig up some of the Cape species for the sake of their starchy corms. GLADSTONE, HERBERT JOHN, 1st VISCOUNT, an English statesman, son of William E. Gladstone, born at Lon- don, in 1854. He was educated at Ox- ford and from 1877 to 1880 was lecturer on history at Keble College. In 1880-1881 he was private secretary to his father, and in the latter year was appointed Lord of the Treasury. He was succes- sively Financial Secretary of War, Under-Secretary of the Home Office, and First Commissioner of Works. From 1899 to 1906 he was Chief Whip to the Liberal Party, and from 1905 to 1910 was Secretary of State for Home Affairs. He was a member of Parliament from Leeds from 1880 to 1909. In the latter year he was appointed First Governor- General of South Africa, serving until 1914. GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART, an English statesman, born in Liverpool, Dec. 29, 1809; was graduated at the University of Oxford in 1831 ; became a Tory member of the House of Commons WILLIAM E. GLADSTONE in 1832; appointed Junior Lord of the Treasury in 1834, and Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1835. He made his first great sneech in 1852 in reply to Disraeli's famous address against the Liberals. Soon after this Gladstone became Chancellor of the Exchequer; and upon rendering his first budget made a speech which enthralled the house and gave him a high reputation as a speaker on the most difficult financial problems. In 1865 he was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons, but continued in that office for one year only when the Government resigned^ He was first prime minister in 1868-1874, during which period he introduced three bills dealing with the great difficulties of Ire- land. The first measure, that of the dis- establishment of the State Church of Ire- land, was adopted by a large majority; the second, having to do with the Irish land laws, was also adopted; but the third, treating of Irish education, was defeated, on which the ministry re- signed. Mr. Gladstone was again prime minister in 1880-1885, in 1885-1886, and in 1892-1894. His publications include "The State in Its Relations with the Church" (1838) ; "Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age" (1858) ; "The Vatican Decrees" (1874) ; "Gleanings of Past Years" (1879) ; "The Irish Question" (1886) ; etc. He died in Hawarden Castle, Flintshire, North Wales, May 19, 1898. GLAMMIS, a village of Scotland, five miles S. W. of Forfar. Near it is Glam- mis Castle, in which is still shown the chamber in which Malcolm II. was as- sassinated in 1034. It was one of the castles of Macbeth, and gave him his hereditary title of Thane of Glammis. GLAMORGANSHIRE, a county of Wales, in the southernmost part. _ Its chief industries are the mining of iron and coal. It has also extensive agri- cultural and cattle raising interests. The chief towns are Cardiff, the capital, Merthyr-Tydfil, and Swansea. The county has an area of 809 square miles. Pop. about 1,200,000. GLAND, a term at first vaguely ap- plied to any smooth, round viscus, but which is now limited to such of these as secrete — i. e., separate by a process of cell growth, certain constituents of the blood which are afterward poured out from the gland by means of a duct. They are divided into lymphatic and secreting glands. Lymphatic glands are bodies resem- bling glands in form, but not possessing ducts for secretion, so that their prod- ucts must be conveyed to them by lym- phatic or sanguiferous vessels. Ex- amples, the spleen, the thjnroid body, the thymus gland, the suprarenal capsules, the pituitary body, the follicular glands
