GLANI/ERS 326 GLASGOW UNIVERSITY at the root of the ton^e and the lym- phatic glands. Secreting glands are the typical kind of glands to which the name is now very frequently restricted. They collect and discharge at particular parts various matters derived from the organism, that these may be further employed for special purposes in the economy, or simply eliminated as redundant material or waste products. In the latter case the term used is excretion. In this proc- ess the nucleated cell takes a prominent part. When there is a simple recess formed of secreting membrane, the gland is said to be simple. Examples of this structure occur in the mucous membrane of the stomach, the intestines, etc. When the cavity is subdivided as well as extended with the view of increasing the secreting surface, the gland is said to be compound. The latter are again sub- divided into first tubular and second sacular or racemose glands. The glands of the testicle and those of the kidney are tubular; the salivary, lachrymal, and mammary glands, and most of the glands opening into the mouth, the fauces, and the windpipe are racemose glands. In botany cells or aggregations of cells distinguished from those in their neighborhood by containing resinous, oily, sugary, or fragrant substances. The walls of the cells generally become degenerated, and are ultimately dis- solved, a cavity being thus formed as seen in the rind of the orange and lemon. In other cases the secretion is discharged externally. Ordinary glands occur in almost all the tissues of plants. GLANDERS, a disease among horses, indicated by a discharge of purulent mat- ter from one or both nostrils, with a hard enlargement of the submaxillary glands. The disease is rarely if ever cured. GLARUS (gla'ros), a canton of Swit- zerland, bounded by the cantons of St. Gall, the Grisons, Uri, and Schwyz; area, 267 square miles; capital, Glarus. It is an Alpine region, trenched by the valley of the Linth or Limmat and its lateral vales, and rising in its S. W. cor- ner, in the Todi peak, to an altitude of 11,887 feet. The rearing of cattle and the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods are the chief occupations of the people. The green cheese called Schab- ziger is wholly made here. Pop. about 34,000. GLARUS, a town and capital of the Swiss canton of Glarus; 43 miles S. E. of Zurich. It was founded by an Irish monk, Fridolin, in the end of the 5th century. Zwingli was pastor here from 1506 to 1516. Glarus, having been peopled by German settlers, passed after various changes into the possession of the dukes of Austria, but ultimately secured its independence by the victories of Nafels in 1352 and 1388. In 1450 it joined the Swiss Confederation. Pop. about 5,000. GLASGOW, a city of Lanark co., Scotland; on the river Clyde, 42 miles W. of Edinburgh; the most important and populous manufacturing and com- mercial city of Scotland. Area with ex- tensions is now (1920) 19.183 square miles. The city contains many public buildings, among which the most cele- brated are the cathedral of St. Mungo, a splendid specimen of Gothic architec- ture, begun in 1123; the Court House, Royal Exchange, Traders' Hall, Town Hall, and the Royal Infirmary. It con- tains a celebrated university, founded in 1450. There are besides the Anderson College, the College of Physicians, Mechanics' Institute, and the Mitchell Library (1911), the largest public reference library in Scotland. The manufactures include cottons, bandana handkerchiefs, muslins, soap, cordage, flint-glass, and cudbear. Glasgow is also noted for its ship-building and engi- neering establishments, chemical works, type-foundries, and almost every kind of production in the mechanical arts. The Clyde is navigable for vessels drawing 7 or 8 feet of water ; and the wharves and docks afford extensive accommodation for vessels of every description. The origin of Glasgow is generally attributed to St. Mungo, who is said to have here founded, in 560, a bishopric, aftei-ward erected into an archiepiscopal see. It was here that Watt first commenced to improve the steam engine; and on the Clyde, the "Comet," the first boat in Europe suc- cessfully propelled by steam, was launched in 1812. Pop. (1918) 1,111,428. GLASGOW, ELLEN ANDERSON GHOLSON, an American novelist, born in Richmond, Va., in 1874. While still a young girl she began to attract at- tention as a fiction writer, portray- ing the change from the old order to the new in the South. She wrote "The Descendant" (1897) ; "Phases of an Inferior Planet" (1898); "The Voice of the People" (1900); "The Miller of Old Church" (1911); "Vir- ginia" (1913) ; "Life and Gabriella" (1916); "The Builders" (1919). GLASGOW. UNIVERSITY OF, a uni- versity of Scotland. It was founded in 1450 by Bishop Turnbull, and is, both in resnect to its age and for the number of
