ZAFFIB CORN 306 KAI-FUNG The body is muscular and athletic, and the stature is equal to that of the Eu- ropean race. In the useful arts they have made considerable progress. Be- sides domesticating the ox and sheep, they have also tamed the horse and goat, and their agriculture extends to the cul- tivation of rye and millet. It is a sin- gular and distinctive trait that they practice universally the rite of circum- cision. They are believed to have re- ceived the name of Kaffir from the Mo- hammedans, on account of their refusal to adopt the religion of Islam. In 1834 the first of the greater Kaffir wars broke out, and lasted till the fol- lowing year. But, though the enemy were repulsed, and their territories up to the Kei river annexed by the colonial government, the annexation was not rati- fied by the home government till the ter- mination of the next war (1846-1848). The conquered districts were called Brit- ish Kaffraria, and from 1853 to 1865 formed a separate crown colony; in 1865 British Kaffraria was incorporated in Cape Colony. In 1850 the turbulent Gaikas, who had waged most of the former wars, in conjunction with the rest of the Ama-Xosa and the Ama-Tembu tribes, and a large body of revolted Hot- tentots, once more invaded the colony, but after a struggle of nearly three years were successfully driven back. The last war broke out in 1877 ; _ the Gcalekas took up arms, and were joined by the Gaikas, and eventually the Zulus also entered the fray. The war ended in the overthrow of the power of the Kaffir chiefs, and the gradual incorpora- tion of their territory in the Cape Colony. By 1888 all Kaffraria up to the frontiers of Natal, with the single exception of East Pondoland — which, however, was a British protectorate — had been included within the bounds of the Cape Colony. The Ama-Fengus, or Fingoes, are the remnants of broken Kaffir tribes; they are despised by the organized Kaffir races, and but for the protection of the British would probably be little better than slaves to them. They have always been loyal to their protectors, and live scattered from Zululand to Cape Colony. KAFFIR CORN {Sorghum vulgare), a variety of millet cultivated in some parts of Africa, and recently introduced into the United States. KAFFIR OX, the Cape buffalo. See Buffalo. KAFIRISTAN, KAFFIRISTAN, or CAFFRISTAN, a country of Central Asia, on the S. declivity of the Hindu Kush Mountains, forming part of the N. basin of Kabul; area, about 215,400 square miles; pop. est. 200,000 to 300,000. It forms a part of Afghanistan since 1895, though the tribes are generally independent. The inhabitants differ from the neighboring tribes in their origin, language, creed, and complexion. The soil is sufficiently fertile to render outside intercourse almost unnecessary. The inhabitants are very skillful workers in wood and metals. KAGOSHIMA (ka-go-she'ma), a town of Japan, on a large bay of the same name, at the S. end of Kiu-siu Island, with manufactures of pottery and porce- lain, arms, and cotton; pop., about 75,000. It was bombarded by the Brit- ish fleet in 1863. In 1914 a volcano on an island nearby erupted and 100,000 persons became homeless. KAHN, JULIUS, member of Congress from California; born in Kuppenheim, Baden, in 1861. At the age of five he came to the United States with his parents and was educated in the public schools of San Francisco. He was for a time on the stage, playing with many well-known actors. He returned to San Francisco in 1890 and began the study of law. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1892. In 1899 he was elected to Congress and was successively re-elected. In the discussions in Con- gress preparatory to the entrance of the United States into the war, he took an active lead as a member of the Foreign Relations Committee in the House, and largely through his efforts President Wilson was enabled to pass the necessary legislation through Con- gress. His special efforts were employed in securing the passing of the Selective Draft Act in the extra session of the 65th Congress. KAHN, OTTO HERMANN, an Amer- ican banker; born at Mannheim, Ger- many, in 1867. His father was a naturalized American citizen. He was educated in Germany, and studied bank- ing in this country. After serving in London banking houses, he became a member of the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., in New York, in 1897. He was a direct- or of many important financial institu- tions. During the war he did important work as financial advisor to the Govern- ment, and he was awarded medals by the governments of France, Spain, and Italy. KAI-FUNG, capital of the Chinese province of Honan, near the S. bank of the Hoangho, where the great inundation occurred in 1887, long the chief settle-
