KAIL 307 KAKABIKKA ment of the Jews in China. Pop., about 200,000. KAIL, or KALE, the name given in England and Scotland to a variety of the Brassica oleracea, differing from the cab- bage in the open heads of its leaves, which are used as "greens" and as food for cattle. There are many varieties, the leaves being sometimes green, sonie- times reddish-brown, sometimes purplish in color, and plain, waved, curled, or laciniated in form. Usually a biennial plant; it is sometimes perennial, as in the variety known as Milan kale {chou de Milan). It is variously known as borecole, winter gi-eens, German greens, and Scotch kale. KAIL AS (ki-las'), a sacred mountain of the Hindus in the Himalayas, near the sources of the Indus and Sutlej; height, 20,226 feet. KAINITE, a hydrous sulphate of potash and magnesia, found along with beds of rock-salt, especially in Germany and Austria, It is valuable for the pro- duction of double sulphate of potash and magnesia, and is used as a manure. KAI-PING, the coal region in Chih-li, China; 75 miles N. E. of Tien-tsin, near the Lan-ho river, with railway connec- tion with Hokow and with Tien-tsin via Taku. KAIRWAN (kir-wan'), a walled town of Tunis. It contains about 50 ecclesiastical structures, of which the mosque of Okba, who founded Kairwan about 670, is one of the most sacred of Islam. Outside the city, to the N. W., is the mosque of the Companion — i. e., of the Prophet; this and other sacred tombs have rendered Kairwan — i. e., caravan or resting-place — the Mecca or sacred city of northern Africa. As such, it has been jealously guarded from de- filement by the presence of Jews and for the most part of Christian travelers ; but it was entered and explored by the French in 1881. Kairwan makes copper vessels, potash, carpets, and articles in leather. Pop. about 25,000. KAISARIAH (ki-zar-ea) (ancient Mazaca), a town of Asiatic Turkey, ■province Karamania, on the Karasa, a tributary of the Euphrates. It is a con- siderable place and the emporium of an extensive trade. Cotton is grown in great quantities in the vicinity. Manu- factures, cotton fabrics and morocco leather. P05. about 25,000. KAISAR-I-HIND (ki"zar-e-hind'), Hindustani for Empress of India, the title conferred on Queen Victoria in 1876 by act of Parliament, and proclamation at Delhi. KAISER (ki'zer), an emperor; the title of the former Emperor of Germany. He was called Kaiser because by Dio- cletian's arrangement certain provinces near the Danube, which came into pos- session of the German empire in 1438, were anciently assigned to a Caesar. This ancient title of the German emperor was revived, when, in 1871, King William III. of Prussia at the successful con- clusion of the Franco-Prussian War, was proclaimed Emperor of Germany. The last Kaiser Wilhelm II. was forced to abdicate in November, 1918, when the German Republic was proclaimed and is now (1920) an exile in Holland. KAISERSLAUTERN (ki'zers-lou- tern), or LAUTERN, a town of the Bavarian Palatinate. An important manufacturing place; the chief manu- factures being tissues, yarn, sewing and other machines, ultramarine, furniture, beer, bricks, etc., and there are iron- works, steam sawmills, and railway shops. Frederick I. built a castle here in 1152 (destroyed by the French in 1713) ; and near by the French repub- lican armies were defeated in 1793 and 1794. Pop. about 55,000. KAISERSWERTH (ki'zers-vert), a Prussian town on the Rhine, 10 miles below Dusseldorf, the seat of the deacon- esses' house, founded by Pastor Fliedner; pop. about 3,000. KAISER WILHELM CANAL. See Kiel Canal. KAISER WILHELM'S LAND, the N. section of southeastern New Guinea; declared a German protectorate in 1884; area, estimated 70,000 square miles; pop. about 100,000. The administration was transferred from the New Guinea Com- pany to the imperial government, April 1, 1899. Gold has been found in the Bismarck Mountains. Captured by Aus- tralian troops Sept. 25, 1914. KAITHAL (ki-thul'), an ancient town in the Punjab, India, 93 miles N. N. W. from Delhi. It is connected tradi- tionally with the monkey-god Hanuman, and is called in Sanskrit Kapisthala, the "abode of monkeys." It has saltpeter refineries, and manufactures lac _ orna- ments and toys. It became British in 1843. KAKABIKKA, a remarkable cataract of British North America, in the Kami- nistiquia river, just before it enters Lake Superior. It has a fall of 130 feet over a mica slate rock.
