KEEN 326 KEFF palms, whence oil is extracted; pigs and rats are the only mammals; there are no land birds but poultry. These islands were discovered by Captain Keeling in 1609 and were visited by Darwin in 1836; it was on his study of them that he based his subsidence theory of the formation of coral reefs. They were an- nexed to England in 1857. KEEN, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, an American surgeon; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 19, 1837; was graduated at Brown University in 1859, and at Jeffer- son Medical College in 1862; assistant surgeon 5th Massachusetts regiment in 1861; acting assistant surgeon United States army, 1862-1864; studied in Eu- rope 1864-1866; was head of the Phila- delphia School of Anatomy 1866-1875; lecturer on pathological anatomy at Jef- ferson Medical College 1866-1875; Pro- fessor of Artistic Anatomy at the Penn- sylvania Academy of Fine Arts 1876- 1890; of surgery at the Women's Medical College 1884-1889, and of Surgery at Jefferson Medical College 1889, He paid special attention to the surgery of the nervous system; was a pioneer in cere- bral surgery; in 1890 published experi- ments with the injection of filtered air for the determination of rupture of the bladder; in 1891 proposed relieving spas- modic wryneck by the exsection of the nerves supplying the posterior rotator muscles of the head. He wrote "Keen's Clinical Charts" (1870) ; "Early History of Practical Anatomy" (1870); etc. He edited "American Health Primers" (1879-1880) ; "Gray's Anatomy" (1887) ; "American Text Book of Surgery" (1899) ; etc. He received the degree of LL. D. from Brown University in 1892; became honorary fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1900. KEENE, city and county-seat of Che- shire CO., N. H.; on the Ashuelot river and the Boston and Maine railroad; 50 miles S. W. of Concord, the State capital. It is the trade center for an important farming and manufacturing section; is surrounded by high hills, a part of the Monadnock mountains 10 miles distant; and contains the railway repair shops, public high school th. full college pre- paratory course, Unitarian Invalids' Home, Elliot City Hospital, and several manufacturies of woolen and flannel goods, machinery, woodenware, etc. Pop. (1910) 10,068; (1920) 11,210. KEENE, CHARLES SAMUEL, an English illustrator; born in Hornsey, near London, Aug. 10, 1823 ; was appren- ticed at wood-engraving at the age of 19; worked for illustrated journals, espe- cially "Punch" (1851-1891). He illus- trated Charles Reade's "A Good Fight"; George Meredith's "Evan Harrington"; Douglas Jerrold's "Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures"; and received a medal at the Paris Exposition of 1889. He died in London, Jan. 4, 1891. KEENE, LATJIIA, an American ac- tress; born in England, in 1820. She came to the United States in 1852. _ She was for a time manager of the Varieties Theater in New York, and 1855-1863 was the lessee of the Olympic, at first called "Laura Keene's Theater." She produced "Our American Cousin," with Jefferson and Sothern in the cast. It was while witnessing this play at Ford's Theater in Washington that President Lincoln was assassinated. She died in Montclair, N. J., Nov. 4, 1873. KEEP, in castles of the old type, a kind of strong tower, to which the be- sieged retreated and made their last efforts of defense. KEEVE, a large vessel or vat used: (1) For mashing, fermenting, or storing beer. (2) For holding a bleaching liquor or alkaline lye; same as keir. (3) For elevating ores; same as corf. (4) An iron-bound tub of a truncate, conical form, set on the smaller end, and used for collecting the fine grains of copper. KEEWATIN (ke-wa'tin), a district of Canada, bounded on the S. by Manitoba from its N. E. corner to the W. shore of Lake Winnipeg; on the W. by the shore of the lake to near Norway House, whence the boundary goes in a N. direc- tion to lat. 55°, at the point where it intersects the Nelson river, and then passes W. to the 100th degree of longi- tude, which it follows N. to the limits of Canadian territory; on the E. by a con- tinuation of the E. boundary of Manitoba till it reaches Hudson Bay, where it fol- lows the coast line to the N. limits of the Dominion; area, 756,000 square miles. It is administered by the lieu- tenant-governor of Manitoba, but is nearly uninhabited, excepting by Eski- mos in the N. Hudson's Bay Company posts are the only settlements. The principal attraction is the game, large and small, with which it abounds. The country is well watered and timbered in many places, but is not suitable for cul- tivation to any extent. It embraces the N. part of Lake Winnipeg, with its im- portant fisheries. The Nelson river passes through the province, as well as the Churchill. See Hudson Bay. KEFF, or EL-KEFF, a walled town of Tunis, 95 miles S. W. of the capital, on
