HITCHCOCK 25 HOANG-HO University ^ of Michigan. After prac- ticing law in Omaha for a few years he entered the newspaper business in 1885 by founding the Omaha "Evening World" and later the "World-Herald." He served three terms as a Democratic member of the National House of Rep- resentatives before he became United States Senator in 1911. Six years later he was re-elected, his present term ex- piring in 1923. Senator Hitchcock was chairman of the Foreign Relations Com- mittee during the war with Germany and when the Republicans organized the Senate in 1919 he became the minority leader. HITCHCOCK, JAMES RIPLEY WELLMAN", an American writer on art; born in Fitchburg, Mass., July 3, 1857. He wrote: "The Western Art Movement" (1885); "A Study of George Inness" (1885); "Madonnas by Old Masters" (1888), the text to photogra- vures; "The Future of Etching"; "Some American Painters in Water Colors"; "Etching in America"; "Notable Etch- ings by American Artists"; etc. He died in 1918. HITCHCOCK, ROSWELL DWIGHT, an American theologian; born in East Machias, Me., Aug. 15, 1817. He was long president of Union Theological Sem- inarv. He wrote : "Analysis of the Bible" (1869); "SociaHsm" (1879); "Life of Edward Robinson"; "Hymns and Songs for Social and Sabbath Wor- ship"; "Eternal Atonement" (with Fran- cis Brown) ; etc. He died in Somerset, Mass., June 16, 1887. HITOPADESA (hit-6-pa-de'sa) , a col- lection of fables and stories in Sanskrit literature, usually ascribed to the com- pilation of the Brahman Vishnusarman. It is a popular summary in four books of the larger work, the famous "Pancha- tantra," which directly and indirectly has been the source whence a rich stream of folk-tales has flowed over Europe. HITTITES (hit'tlts), the English name of a people who waged war with Egypt and Assyria for a thousand years, and who moved on parallel lines with the people of Israel from the call of Abra- ham to the Captivity. When the Semitic tribe with Abraham at their head moved from Haran to Ca- naan the Hittites inhabited the land (Gen. XV : 20), and 50 years later Abra- ham, a wandering sheikh, purchased a grave for his wife from the Hittites, who wei'e then in possession and power at Hebron (Gen. xxiii: 4). The patriarch's family continued to live side by side with the Hittites; and Esau, the bedawi, the grandson of Abraham, married two Hit- tite wives (Gen. xxvi:35). During the sojourn in Egypt the Israelites had the promise of occupying the land of the Hittites oft repeated (Exod. iii:8). Next in importance is the testimony of the Egyptian and Assyrian inscriptions. In the Egyptian inscriptions the Hit- tites stand out as rivals of the Pha- raohs in peace and war from the 12th to the 20th dynasty. The Hittites occupy an important place in the Assyrian inscriptions. The reign of Sargon of Agade has been placed about the 19th century b. c. Even as early as the reign of Sargon I. the Hit- tites were a formidable power, and it has been supposed occupied Mesopota- mia. About 1130 B. c, the Hittites were paramount from the Euphrates to the Lebanon. Tiglath-pileser I. drove back the Hittites from his borders, and made them tributaries, but they soon threw off the Assyrian yoke, and a desperate struggle for supremacy was waged for 400 years. The reign of Assur-nasir- pal (883-858 B. c.) is largely a record of wars with the Hittites. His son, Shalmaneser, undertook 30 campaigns chiefly "in the land of the Hittites." The war continued to the close of the king's reign, and was carried on by the kings who succeeded him; and 100 years later the Assyrians were still in deadly conflict with the Hittites. Sargon II, came to the throne in 721 b. c, and his first year was distinguished by the cap- ture of Samaria and the captivity of the Israelites, and four years later (717 B. c.) he brought the empire of the Hit- tites to a close by the defeat of Pisiri and the capture of Carchemish. Thus ended the mighty empire of the Hittites, having maintained its exist- ence, defying all enemies, longer than the empires of Babylon, or Assyria, or Greece, or Rome. HIVAOA (he-va-6a), an island in the South Pacific Ocean, the largest of the S. W. group of the Marquesas; 22 miles long E. to W.; about 10 miles greatest breadth. It is mountainous, and bears indications of volcanic eruptions. Pop. about 3,500. HIVITES (hiv'its), a Canaanitish people, the main body of whom lived in the region from Lebanon and Hermon to Hamath, but who had colonies, ap- parently isolated, in Southern Palestine, as at Gibeon. HLASSA. See Lhassa. HOANG-HO (hwang'ho), a great river of China, and one of the most prominent features in the geography of
