LIONS, GULF OF 491 LIPPI somewhat in size; but for an adult Afri- can male, from snout to tip" of tail, 10 feet, tail 3 feet, height at shoulder, 3 feet 6 inches, are average measui*ements. The Gujerat variety is somewhat smaller. "In color lions vary from a deep chest- nut-brown to gray. The color of the mane varies equally. In the Nubian LION lion it is generally pale iulvous, and in Cape lions black, but all intermediate shades are found both in Nubia and the Cape country." Professor Dawkins enumerated among the Mid Pleistocene, and again among Late Pleistocene mam- malia of Great Britain Felis leo. A LIONESS Felis speliea was once recognized; it is now deemed not specifically distinct from the common lion. In the Early Pleisto- cene, Professor Dawkins has the saber- toothed lion, sometimes called the saber- toothed tiger. LIONS, GULF OF, the large gulf of the Mediterranean on the S. of France, extends from the frontier with Spain E. to the Hyeres Islands. LIPARI ISLANDS (le'pa-re), known also as the .Eolian Islands, a volcanic group in the Mediterranean, consisting of half a dozen larger and numerous smaller islands, with an aggregate area of 116 square miles, and situated off the N. coast of Sicily, N. W. of Messina. They rise to 3,170 feet above the level of the sea; many of the smaller islands form part of the rim of a gigantic crater. The ancient classical poets localized in these islands the abode of the fiery god Vulcan — hence their ancient name. Vul- canise Insulae. Lipari is the largest. Pop. about 15,000. The principal prod- ucts of the islands are grapes, figs, olives, wine (Malmsey), borax, pumice stone, and sulphur. The warm springs are much resorted to, and the climate is delightful. Lipari, the chief town, is a bishop's see and a seaport, and has 4,968 inhabitants. Stromboli (3,022 feet) is almost constantly active ; Vulcano (1,017 feet) is so intermittently; the rest are extinct. Pop. of islands about 20,000. LIPARITE, an igneous rock, so called from its occurrence in the island of Lipari. It has a wide geographical dis- tribution, and is also known as rhyolite and quartz trachyte. It is a highly acidic rock, and has a glassy base, often more or less devitrified. The more compact varieties often exhibit sphenelitic and fluxion structures, which occasionally impart a kind of laminated or banded aspect to the rock. LIPPE, or LIPPE-DETMOLD. for- merly a small principality of northern Germany; since November, 1918, a re- public; between Westphalia on the W. and Hanover on the E. The Wcser touches it on the N. and the Teutoburger Wood crosses it on the S.; area, 469 square miles; pop. about 150,000. Capi- tal, Detmold. The principal occupation is agriculture, with the rearing of cattle and swine. LIPPI, FRA FILIPPO (lep'pe), com- monly known as LlPPO LiPPi, a Floren- tine painter; born in Florence, in 1412; but, losing his parents v.hile still an infant, he was intrusted to the Carmelite friars of Florence. As a youth he ab- ducted Lucrezia Buti, a ward or novice of the convent of St. ^Margaret at Prato, and afterward married her. Lippo Lippi, who studied principally Masaccio, painted religious subjects, which he oon- ceiv^ed and designed from a human stand- point. His greatest work was done on the choir walls of the cathedral of Prato — illustrations of the lives of John the Baptist and St. Stephen. He also painted several Madonnas and altar pieces. Died in Spoleto, Italy, Oct. 9. 1469. His son, FiLiPPiNO LiPPi, was born in
