SCHUSTER 285 SCHUYLER About 1852 he came to the United States, and settled in Madison, Wis. He soon identified himself with the Republican party. He advocated the election of Fre- mont in 1856 by public speeches in the German language. He afterward made political speeches in English, and achieved a high reputation as an orator. In 1860 he addressed the people of various States advocating the election of Abraham Lin- coln. In 1861 he was appointed minister to Spain, but when the Civil War broke out he resigned that he might return and join the Union army. He took part in the second battle of Bull Run, and commanded a division at Chancellorsville, May, 1863, and a corps at Gettysburg, July 1-3 of that year. He resigned from the army in 1865, and in 1866 became editor of the Detroit "Post." In 1868 he went to St. Louis, and in 1869 was elected United States Senator from Missouri. He supported Mr. Greeley for President in 1872, and Mr. Hayes in 1876, and was Secretary of the Interior, under the lat- ter, from 1877 to 1881. In 1881-1884 he was editor of the New York "Evening Post," and was conspicuous in the "Mug- wump" movement of 1884. In 1892 he became president of the National Civil Service Reform League. He afterward wrote several books, among them a "Life of Henry Clay." He died May 14, 1906. SCHUSTER, ARTHUR, a British scientist, born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in 1851. He was educated at Frankfort- on-the-Main, Geneva, Owens College, Man- chester, and Heidelberg. He was chief of the "Eclipse" expedition to Siam, 1875. In 1892 he was president of Section A of the British Association and later became president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and of the Physi- cal Society, London. He received the Royal medal of the Royal Society in 1893 and became president of the British Asso- ciation in 1915. His works include "The- ory of Optics"; "Progress of Physics"; "Britain's Heritage of Science." SCHUSTER, SIR FELIX, a British financier, born in 1854. He was educated at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Geneva, and Owens College, Manchester; and then went into business in London. He was on the Royal Commission on London Traf- fic, 1903-5; Board of Trade Commission for the Amendment of Company Law, 1905; India Office Committee on Indian Railway Finance and Administration, 1907-8; and Treasury Committee on Irish Land Purchase Finance, 1907-8. He was chairman of the Council of the Institute of Bankers, 1908-9, and of the Central Association of Bankers, 1913-15. His works include: "Foreign Trade and the Money Market"; "Our Gold Reserves." e— r.vc SCHUTT, two islands in the river Danube. They are situated in Hungary, partly in the districts of Komorn and Pressburg. Great Schutt Island is 58 miles long and from 10 to 20 miles wide, and is fertile, being called the Golden Garden of Hungary. Little Schutt Island is 28 miles long. The Danube borders the former on the south and the latter on the north. SCHUYLER, MONTGOMERY, an American diplomat, born at Stamford, Conn., in 1877. He graduated from Co- lumbia University in 1899 and took post- graduate studies at that university. He was appointed second secretary of the American Embassy at Petrograd in 1902, and in 1904 served as secretary of lega- tion and consul-general at Bangkok, Siam. He served as charge and first secretary to Rumania, Servia, Russia, Japan, and Mexico. In 1913 he was ap- pointed minister to Ecuador. In 1914-15 he served as special agent of the United States to Russia. In 1918 he was com- missioned a captain in the Officers' Re- serve Corps, and served in the Ordnance Department. In 1918-19 he was chief intelligence officer in Siberia. In 1919 he was discharged with the rank of major. He was a member of many his- torical societies and contributed articles on Oriental and literary subjects to va- rious periodicals. SCHUYLER, PHILIP, an American military officer; born in Albany, N. Y., in November, 1733. He served in the war against the French and Indians in 1756. In June, 1775, he was commissioned com- mander of an army in New York with the rank of Major-General. He was about to move the army into Canada, but he was taken sick, and was succeeded in September by General Montgomery. He was appointed delegate to the Continen- tal Congress later in the same year, and was again a delegate in 1777. In the lat- ter year also he commanded the Con- tinental forces against General Burgoyne, but was superseded by General Gates, ir consequence of the jealousy with which Congress regarded him. His conduct was vindicated by a court of inquiry .^ Later he rendered important services in mili- tary affairs, but he declined to take com- mand of an army. He was a member of the Congress in 1778, and while holding that post resigned from the army in 1779, remaining in Congress till 1781. He was Federalist United States Senator from New York in 1789-1791, and was again elected a Senator, in place of Aaron Burr, in 1797. One of his daughters was the wife of Alexander Hamilton. He died in Albany, Nov. 18, 1804. Vol 8
