Page:Compendious Syriac Grammar.djvu/54

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— 16 —
§ 23.

following rules accordingly are not applicable to the East-Syrian pronunciation of ܦ‍‎.

B. These letters are hard in the beginning of words, e. g. ܒܱ݁ܝܬܴ݁ܠ‎ "house", ܓܱ݁ܡܠܴܐ‎ "camel," &c. (but notice § 24 and § 25).

C. ܬ ܦ‍ ܟ‍ ܕ ܓ ܒ‍‎ experience R.—(i. e. take the soft pronunciation) after any vowel, however short, when they do not happen to be doubled. Thus after a full vowel ܩܳܒ݂ܶܠ‎, ܣܺܝܓ݂‎, ܫܱܦ݂ܠܱܐ‎, ܩܽܘܕ݂ܫܳܐ‎, ܣܷܬ݂ܪܴܐ‎, ܣܱܟ݂ܠܴܐ‎ &c.

On the other hand these letters undergo Q. (i. e. take the hard form) when they are doubled: ܩܱܒܷ݁ܠ‎ (קַבֵּל), ܣܱܓܻ݁ܝ‎ (סַגִּי), ܡܩܱܕܰ݁ܫ‎, ܣܽܘܟܴ݁ܠܴܐ‎, ܫܱܦ݁ܠܷܬ‎, ܣܷܬܴ݁ܪܴܐ‎, &c., and even after long vowels ܪܴܓܻ݁ܝܢ‎ (rāggīn "they desire") ܒ݁ܬܷ݁ܐ‎ (bāttē "houses"), &c.

Exceptions[errata 1]: ܐܱܝܟ݂‎ "as", which is pronounced akh.

ܶEven the mere sheva mobile effects R. just as a vowel would: ܩܒ݂ܘܿܠ‎ (qe̊vol), ܣܓ݂ܳܐ‎, ܡܱܡܠܟ݂ܺܝܢ‎, &c. Thus is it also when one of the particles ܘ ܕ ܠ‍ ܒ‍‎ is prefixed: ܒܴ݁ܢܶܐ‎; but ܠܒ݂ܳܢܶܐ‎ (le̊vānē); ܓ݁ܐܷܪܴܐ‎, but ܒܓ݂ܶܐܪܴܐ‎, &c. So too is it when several of these words or particles are prefixed, e. g. ܓܱ݁ܪ̈ܡܶܐ: ܒ݁ܓܱܪ̈ܡܶܐ‎, ܕܱ݁ܒ݂ܓ݂ܰܪ̈ܡܷܐ‎, ܘܕ݂ܰܓ݂ܰܪ̈ܡܷܐ‎; ܒܱ݁ܝܬܴ݁ܐ: ܘܱܒ݂ܕ݂ܰܠܒ݂ܰܝܬܴ݁ܐ‎, &c. Except upon the first consonant, these prefixes however have no effect, thus, ܟ݁ܐ݂ܳܒ݂ܳܐke̊thāvā, ܠܟ݂ܬ݂ܳܒ݂ܳܐlakhthāvā, originally lakhe̊thāvā, not lakhtāvā &c.

Regularly the sheva mobile has a softening effect after a consonant originally doubled, thus ܡܚܰܫܒ݂ܺܝܢ‎ (מְחַשְּׁבִֿין), ܪܷܓ݁ܬ݂ܳܐ‎ (רֶגְּתָֿא), ܡܱܚܬ݂ܳܐmaḥḥe̊thā = manḥe̊thā), &c. So also, of course, when the consonant furnished with sheva mobile is preceded by another which is quite vowelless, as in ܡܱܣܗܕ݂ܺܝܢ‎, ܕ݂ܶܚܠܬ݂ܳܐ‎, ܡܱܡܠܟ݂ܳܐ‎, &c.

D. But many a sheva mobile fell away (sheva mobile transmuted into sheva quiescens) at a time when the influence which it exercised upon the softening process (Rukkākhā) was still a living one, with the result that the influence of the hardening process (Quāyā) in turn ap-

    enquiry into R. and Q. of p. Besides even good MSS. and prints contain errors sometimes, as regards these 'points'.

Errata:
  1. Correction: Exceptions should be amended to Exception: detail