LIBERATOEE by whom he was taught the art of illuminat- ing. The choir-books in the cathedrals at Chiusi (1467-09) and Siena are examples of his skill as a miniature painter. After his re- turn to Verona, about 1745, he took up fresco and oil painting, carrying into them those habits of excessive detail and minuteness which were derived from his early training. The Adoration of the Magi (1480-90) in the Duomo, Verona, shows this ; but the Pre- della in the Episcopal Palace is more broad- j ly treated, and plainly executed under the ' influence of Mantegna. This is yet more evident in the Madonna di Casa Scotti, Mi- lan, which has been attributed to Mantegna. Among the works of Liberale are : Angels with Instruments of the Passion, Casa Gra- deuigo, Padua ; Glory of St. Anthony, S. Fermo, Verona ; Entombment, S. Leone, Venice ; Assumption of the Magdalen, Sac- risty of S. Anastasia, Verona ; St. Sebastian, Brera, Milan ; replica, Berlin Museum. The frescos of St. Catherine in Glory, Christ in the Garden bearing his Cross, and the De- position, S. Anastasia, Verona, have been at- tributed to Liberale. Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 274 ; C. & C., N. Italy, i. 404 ; Lermolieff, 6, 55, 104, etc. ; Bernasconi, Studii, 244 ; Liibke, Gesch. d. ital. Mai, i. 479. LIBEEATOEE, NICCOLd DI. See Alunno. LIBERI, PIETRO, Cavaliere, born in Padua in 1605 (?), died in Venice, Oct. 18, 1687. Venetian school ; pupil of Alessandro Varotari ; afterwards studied at Homo the works of Raphael, Michelangelo, Correggio, and Titian, and formed from them all a style of his own. He became famous both in Italy and in Germany, and, though orig- inally poor, won wealth and titles. He is considered one of the best designers of the Venetian school ; his touch is free and mas- terly, and his colouring agreeable and ten- der ; and few artists have greater variety of style. His pictures may be divided into two classes : those executed with a free and rapid pencil, and those finished with great care and attention to details, the former being the best. He was noted for his nudo Venuses and other subjects, which were treated so freely as to win him the surname of Libertiuo. Among his works in Venice are : Battle of the Dardanelles, Palazzo Du- cale ; Annunciation, S. M. del Pianto ; S. Proculo, Virgin and St. Joseph, Assumption, S. Proculo ; S. Mose, Finding of the Cross, S. Mose ; Massacre of the Innocents, Ognis- santi ; Annunciation, Venice Suppliant, Sa- lute ; Crucifixion, S. Agostino. Other ex- amples : Cupid adorned by Nymphs, Venus visiting the Smithy of Vulcan, Susanna at the Bath, Bathsheba leaving the Bath, Venus bandaging the Wounded Vulcan, Hercules and Omphale, Dresden Museum ; Judgment of Paris, Youth protected by Wisdom, Dres- den Museum ; Mars and Venus playing at. Chess, Oldenburg Gallery ; Medor and An- gelica with Cupids in a Landscape, Schleiss- heim Gallery; /Vllegory on Motto of Emper- or Leopold I. : Consilio et Industria, Venus and Cupid, Vienna Museum. Liberi had a son, Marco, who imitated his father's style almost to caricature. Ch. Blanc, Ecolo ve- nitienne. LIBEL See (rirolanw dai Libri. LI CH ERIE DE BEURON (Bevron), LOUIS, born at Houdan (Seine-et-Oise), July fi, 1029, died in Paris, Dec. 3, 1687. French school ; history painter, pupil of Louis Boulogne, the elder, and of Le Brun. He decorated the Church of the Invalides, became a teacher in the Gobelins, Member of the Academy in 1679, and adjunct pro- fessor in 1681. Many of his works are en- graved. Works : Abigail and David (1679), Louvre ; Christ on the Cross, Besanyon Mu- seum ; Ecstasy of St. Joseph, Nantes Muse- um. Bellier de Chavignerie, Eecherches sur Licherie (Paris, 1860). LICHTENFELS, EDUARD PEITHNEE VON, born in Vienna, Nov. 18, 1833. Land- scape painter, pupil of Vienna Academy under Steiufeld and Thomas Ender ; went in 1857 to Diisseldorf, where he was much influenced by Lessing ; took part in the Italian campaign of 1859 ; Member of Vi- 77
