lisher Philip de Lavagna and his new partner Montanus made an agreement with Christopher Valdarfer, another printer at Milan, for the exclusive use of two presses.[1]
There was no part of Europe in which so great an enthusiasm was shown for printing as in Italy.[2] The only open opposition which the new art encountered was made in 1472, by the copyists of Genoa, who complained that the typographers were greedy, and that they deprived the copyists of their livelihood by undertaking to print little books.
IN FRANCE.
| Place. | Printer. | Date. |
| Paris | Ulrich Gering, et al. | 1469 |
| Lyons | Buyer and Le Roy | 1476 |
| Angers | De Turre and Morelli | 1477 |
| Chablis | Pierre le Rouge | 1478 |
| Poitiers | J. Boyer and G. Bouchet | 1479 |
| Toulouse | 1479 | |
| Caen | Ferrandus and Quijone | 1480 |
| Vienne | Pierre Schenck | 1481 |
| Promentour | Loys Guerbin | 1482 |
| Troyes | Guillaume le Rouge | 1483 |
| Chambery | Antonius Neyret | 1484 |
| Bréand-Loudéhac R. Foucquet | 1484 | |
| Rennes | Pierre Belleesculée | 1484 |
| Abbeville | Dupré and Gerard | 1486 |
| Rouen | Guillaume le Talleur | 1487 |
| Besançon | 1487 | |
| Place. | Printer. | Date. |
| Hagenau | Henry Grau | 1489 |
| Dol | Peter Metlinger | 1490 |
| Grenoble | 1490 | |
| Orleans | Matthieu Vivian | 1490 |
| Dijon | Peter Metlinger | 1491 |
| Angoulême | 1491 | |
| Cluny | Michael Wenssler | 1493 |
| Nantes | Etienne Larcher | 1493 |
| Limoges | John Berton | 1495 |
| Provins | G. Tavernier | 1496 |
| Tours | Matthieu Lateron | 1496 |
| Avignon | Nicol Lepe | 1497 |
| Treguier | 1499 | |
| Guienne | 1500 | |
| Perpignan | J. Rosembach | 1500 |
Paris. About the close of the year 1469, Ulrich Gering, Michael Friburger and Martin Crantz began to print at Paris. To please the classic tastes of the doctors of the university who had invited them, their first book appeared in types of Roman form. They were not skillful printers, for Chevillier says that letters half formed and half printed are noticeable
- ↑ It will be seen that the business of publishing is almost as old as that of printing. Valdarfer agreed to set up the types of the books produced at the rate of 24 imperials (?) for every 20 pages. The wary publishers took the precaution to specify in the agreement that the blank pages should not be counted.
- ↑ The Senate of Lucca, by a vote of 38 to 9, voted to pay the priest Clement, a professional calligrapher and bookbinder (who had applied for the means to go to Venice and get a knowledge of the art), a subvention of two florins monthly, on condition that he should practise his art as a public officer, teaching all who wished to learn. Clement declined the offer.
