Cicero says (in Cat. iii. 6) that although Glaucia was not included by the senate in their decree for the execution of Saturninus and his partisans, Marius put him to death on his own authority. (Cic. Brut. 62, pro C. Rabir. perd. 7, in Cat. i. 2, Philipp. viii. 5, de Harusp. Resp. 24; Schol. Bob. in Milonian. p. 277, Orelli; App. B. C. i. 28, 32; Val. Max. ix. 7; Plut. Mar. 27, 30; Veil. Pat. ii. 12; Flor. iii. 16. § 4.) Cicero compares Glaucia to the Athenian demagogue Hyperbolus (Brut. 62), and says that he was the worst of men. He admits, however, that he was eloquent, acute, and witty. (de Or. ii. 61, 65.) An anecdote related by Cicero (pro Rab. Post. 6. § 14) conveys some notion of Glaucia's manner. He used to tell the plebs, when a rogatio was read to them, to mind whether the words "dictator, consul, praetor, or magister equitum" occurred in the preamble. If so, the rogatio was no concern of theirs: but if they heard the words "and whosoever after this enactment," then to look sharp, for some new fetter of law was going to be forged. Glaucia was the author of a law de Repetundis of which the fragments are collected by Orelli (Index Legum. p. 269), and he introduced a change in the form of comperendinatio. (Cic. in Verr. i. 9.) [W. B. D.]
GLAU'CIAS (Γλαυκίας). 1. King of the Illyrians, or rather of the Taulantians, one of the Illyrian tribes. He is first mentioned as bringing a considerable force to the assistance of Cleitus, another Illyrian prince, against Alexander the Great,
B. C. 335. They were, however, both defeated, and Cleitus forced to take refuge within the Taulantian territories, whither Alexander did not pursue him, his attention being called elsewhere by the news of the revolt of Thebes. (Arrian, i. 5, 6.) We next hear of Glaucias, nearly 20 years later, as affording an asylum to the infant Pyrrhus, when his father Aeacides was driven out of Epeirus. (Plut. Pyrrh. 3; Justin, xvii. 3.) By this measure he gave offence to Cassander, who sought to gain possession of Epeirus for himself, and who in vain offered Glaucias 200 talents to give up the child. Not long after, the Macedonian king invaded his territories, and defeated him in battle; but though Glaucias bound himself by the treaty which ensued to refrain from hostilities against the aliies of Cassander, he still retained Pyrrhus at his court, and, in B. C. 307, took the opportunity, after the death of Alcetas, king of Epeirus, to invade that country with an army, and establish the young prince, then 12 years old, upon the throne. (Diod. xix. 67; Plut. Pyrrh. 3; Justin, xvii. 3; Paus. i. 11.
§ 5.) The territories of Glaucias bordered upon those of the Greek cities, Apollonia and Epidamnus; and this proximity involved him in frequent hostilities with those states; in 312 he even made himself master of Epidamnus, by the assistance of the Corcyraeans. (Diod. xix. 70, 78.) The date of his death is not mentioned; but it appears that he was still reigning in B. C. 302, when Pyrrhus repaired to his court, to be present at the marriage of one of his sons. (Plut. Pyrrh. 4.)
2. An officer of cavalry in the service of Alexander at the battle of Gaugamela, (Arrian, iii. 11.)
3. (Perhaps the same with the preceding). A follower of Cassander, whom he entrusted with the charge of Roxana and her son Alexander when he confined them as prisoners in the citadel of Amphipolis. After the peace of B. C. 311, Cassander sent secret orders to Glaucias to put both his captives to death, which instructions he immediately obeyed. (Diod. xix. 52, 105.) [E. H. B.]
GLAU'CIAS (Γλαυκίας), a rhetorician of Athens, who appears to have lived in the first century of our aera, but he is mentioned only by Plutarch (Sympos. i. 10, 3, ii. 2). [L. S.]
GLAU'CIAS (Γλαυκίας), a Greek physician, belonging to the sect of the Empirici (Galen, De Meth. Med. ii. 7, vol. x. p. 142, Comment. in Hippocr. "Epid. VI." iii. 29, vol. xvii. pt. ii. p. 94), who lived after Serapion of Alexandria, and before Heracleides of Tarentum, and therefore probably in the third or second century B. C. (Celsus, De Medic. i. Praef. p. 5.) Galen mentions him as one of the earliest commentators on the whole of the works of Hippocrates (Comment. in Hippocr. "De Humor." i. 24, vol. xvi. p. 196), and he also wrote an alphabetical glossary on the difficult words occurring in the Hippocratic collection. (Erot. Gloss. Hippocr. p. 16, ed. Franz.) His commentaries on Hippocrates are several times quoted and referred to by Galen. (Comment. in Hippocr. "De Humor." i. Praef. ii. 30, vol. xvi. pp. 1, 324, 327; Comment. in Hippocr. "Epid. VI" i. Praef. ii. 65, vol. xvii. pt. i. pp. 794, 992.) It is uncertain whether he is the person quoted by Pliny. (H. N. XX. 99, xxi. 102, xxii. 47, xxiv. 91.) Fabricius says he was the master of Heracleides of Tarentum, and Apollonius, but for this statement the writer
has not been able to find any authority. (Bild. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 171, ed. Vet.) [W. A. G.]
GLAU'CIAS (Γλαυκίας), a statuary of Aegina, who made the bronze chariot and statue of Gelon, the son of Deinomenes, afterwards tyrant of Syracuse, in commemoration of his victory in the chariot race at Olympia, Ol. 73, B. C. 488. The following bronze statues at Olympia were also by Glaucias: — Philon, whose victory was recorded in
the following epigram by Simonides, the son of
Leoprepes, —
Πατρίς μὲν Κορκύρα, Φίλων δ᾽ ὅνομ᾽, εἰμὶ δὲ Γλαύκου
Υἱὸς, καὶ νίκη πὺξ δύ ὀλυμπιάδας:
Glaucus of Carystus, the boxer, practising strokes (σκιαμαχῶν); and Theagenes of Thasos, who conquered Euthymus in boxing in Ol. 75, B. C. 480 (Paus. vi. 6. § 2). Glaucias therefore flourished B.C. 488–480 (Paus. vi. 9. § 3, 10. § 1, 11. § 3). [P. S.]
GLAU'CIDES (Γλαυίδης), one of the chief men of Abydus when it was besieged by Philip V. of Macedon, in B. C. 200, and apparently one of the fifty elders whom the people had bound by an oath to slay the women and children and to burn the treasures of the city, as soon as the enemy should have got possession of the inner wall. Glaucides, however, with some others, shrunk from what they had undertaken, and sent the priests with suppliant wreaths to make a surrender of the town to Philip. (Polyb. xvi. 29–34; Liv. xxxi. 17.) [E. E.]
GLAU'CIDES, a Greek statuary, one of those who made "athletas, et armatos, et venatores, sacrificantesque" (Plin. H. N. xxxi v. 8. s. 19. § 34). [P. S.]
GLAU'CION, a painter of Corinth, and the teacher of Athenion [Athenion, No. 1.] (Plin. H.N. XXXV. 11. 8. 40. § 29.) [P. S.]
GLAUCIPPUS (Γλαύκιππος), a son of the Athenian orator Hyperides, is said by Plutarch
