generally, the other of pleasure, as Aristotle had defined it (Diog. Laert. v. 44, Trepi tjSovtjs us ^Apia- TOTeATjs) ; and although, like his teacher, he pre- ferred contemplative (theoretic), to active (practical) life (Cic. ad Att. ii. 16), he was at the same time disposed to set the latter free from the fetters of family life, &c. in a manner of which the former would not have approved (Hieron. adv. Joviiiian. i, 189, Bened.) Respecting Theophrastus's treatment of botany in his two chief works, see J. G. Schneider, " de Auctoritate, Integritate, Argumento, Ordine, Methodo et Pretio Librorum, de Historia et Causis Plantarum" {Theophr.Opp. v. p. 227 — 264.) Comp. R. Sprengel, Geschichte der Botanik, vol, i. p. 52, &c.
THEOPHYLACTUS (0eo</)uAa'KTO9). 1. Si-
MOCATTA (6 SljUOKCCTTTJ?, ^tfWKaTTOS, 'S.ljXOKO.T'qS ,
or 'S.LfxoKo.Tos^ for all these forms of the name are
found), was an Egyptian by descent, but a Locrian
by birth ; and flourished at Constantinople, where
he held some public offices {arch eivapxu)V Kai avn-
ypacpevs^ Phot.) under Heraclius, about A. D. 610 j
— 629, though it is evident that he was writing
before this period, probably in retirement. His
chief work was a history of the reign of the em-
peror Maurice, in eight books, from the death of
Tiberius II, and the accession of Maurice, in a. d,
582, down to the murder of Maurice and his
children by Phocas in a. d. 602. There are various
indications in the work itself, that Theophylact
was living and writing in retirement during the
reign of Phocas, and it seems probable that he had
been personally acquainted with Maurice. Thus,
he contrasts the depressed state of literature under
Phocas with the favour it enjoyed under Heraclius,
in a Dialogue between Philosophy and History,
which is prefixed to his work. After the death of
Phocas in a. D. 61 0, he read in public from an
elevated position the passage of his history de-
scribing the death of Maurice, and the people were
moved to tears by the recital. This statement,
which we have on the authority of Theophylact
himself (viii, 12) proves that his work was partly
written during the reign of Phocas ; while on the
other hand, he mentions in the same chapter the
conclusion of the Persian war, by the death of
Chosroes II, in a. d. 628, so that the work could
not have been completed till that year or the next,
in which Theophylact appears to have died. The
history of Theophylact, which is known by the
Latin title of Hisloriae Mauridi Tiberii Impcratoris
LibH VJIf.^ seems to be the same work which is
quoted by Eustathius {ad Dionys. Perieg. 730) by
the title of iaropia olKoufMeuT), which seems to refer
to the fact, that it was not confined to the affairs
of Constantinople, but contained notices of events
occurring in all parts of the known world. Besides
the work itself, we have an epitome of it by
Photius (Bibl. Cod. 65), who relates some par-
ticulars respecting the author, and characterises his
style very minutely, as being not destitute of grace,
but often frigid and puerile through the frequent
occurrence of figures and allegorical turns of ex-
pression, and tiresome from the interruptions of
moral reflections inserted out of season. The other
works of Theophylact are (2) Eighty-five Letters,
consisting of the three classes of Morales, twenty -
nine in number, Rvsiicae, twenty-eight, and Ama-
tortae, twenty-eight ; and (3) Problems in Physics
{'Airoplai ^vaiKai, Quaestiones Fhysicac), respecting
the nature of animals, and especially of man.
There is no complete edition of Theophylact's works. The edition of A. Schottus, with a' Latin Version by Kiraedoncius, Antverp. 1598, 1599, 8vo., comprising all his then known works, does not contain the History, but only the Epitome of it by Photius. The account of embassies in this edition is no distinct work, but a collection of extracts from the History. The History was first published, from a MS, in the library of Maximilian of Bavaria, with a Latin version, by Jac. Pontanus, Ingolst. 1604, 4to. ; revised, and with a Glossary of the low Greek words, by C. Annib. Fabrotti, Paris, 1648, fol.; reprinted in the Venice collection of Byzantine historians, 1729, fol.: it has also been edited by Imm, Bekker, in the Corpus Script. Hist. Byzant. Bonn, 1834, 8vo. The Letters were pub- lished in the Epistolae, Graecae of Aldus, 1499, 4to. and of Cujacius, 1606, fol,, and, in Latin only, by Haller, Cracov, 1509, 4to, The Quaestiones Phy- sicae were published, with the similar work of Cassius latrosophista, by Rivinus, Lips, 1653, 4to. The Letters and Physical Questions were published together, Lugd. Bat. 1596, 12mo., with the works of Cassius latrosophista ; again, with the Quaestiones of Cassius, and the Letters of Julian, Gallus, Basil, and Gregory of Nazianzus, by Bonaventura Vul- canius, Lugd. Bat. 1597, 12mo.; and, lastly, with the Laiin version of Kiraedoncius, and critical notes, by Boissonade, Paris, 1835, 8vo. There is a French translation of the Quaestiones Physicae, by F. Morel, Paris, 1603, 12mo. (Cave, Hist. Litt. s. a. 61 1, p. 575 ; Hankius, de Byzant. Per. Scriptor. pt. i. pp. 186 — 1})4 ; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. pp. 329, 330, ed. Westermann ; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. vii. pp. 582 — 586 ; Schrockh, Christliclie KircIicnffeschicJite, vol. xix. pp. 92 — 94; Hoffmann, Lex. Bibliogr. Script. Grace.) . Archbishop of Bulgaria, flourished about A.D. 1070 and onwards, and is celebrated for his com- mentaries on the Scriptures, and some other works. There are scarcely any particulars of his life worth recording. He appears to have been a native of Constantinople, and a deacon in the principal church there, and to have been appointed to the archbishopric of Bulgaria, the chief city of which was Acris, between a. d. 1070 and 1077. Here he suffered much from the uncivilised state of the people of his province, and tried in vain to lay down his office. He appears to have lived down to A. D. 1112, or later. His Commentaries upon the Gospels, the Acts, the Epistles of Paul, and the Minor Prophets, are founded on the commentaries of Chrysostom, and are of considerable value. He also wrote a treatise on royal education (IlaiSeia 'QaaiKiKi^, InstUutio Regia) for the use of the prince Constantinus Porph3Togennetus,the son of Michael VII.; seventy- five Letters ; some Homilies and Orations, and a few other small treatises. A splendid edition of all his works in Greek and Latin was published by J. F. Bernard Maria de Rubeis, Venet. 1754 — 1763, 4 vols, folio, with a Preliminary Dissertation, containing all that is known of the life and writings of Theophylact, with an elaborate analysis of his works and his opinions, (See also Cave, Hist. Litt. s. a. 1077, p. 153 ; Fjibric. Bibl. Grace, vol. vii. pp. 586 — 598 ; Schrockh, CAm/. Kirchengeschichte^ vol. xxviii, pp. 313, foil,; for an account of several editions of portions of his works, see Hoffmann, Lexicon Bibliogr. Script. Graec.) A few other unimportant persons of the name 4 A 2
