^^ BREMENIUM. BRIGANTIUM. one of the chief towns in Lower Pannonia. It was a Terj strong place of the rank of a Roman mtuii- dpium, and was situated on the Danube, to the east of the river Arrabq, on the road from Caruuntum to Aquincura. The fifth cohort of the L^o I. Adjutrix had its head-qnarters there, and the emperor Valen- tinian died there, in the midst of his preparations against the Quadi. Ruins of the place still exist near Szomff in Hungary, a little to the east of Co- mom, (Ptol. ii. 15. § 3 ; Anun. Marc. xzx. 5, foil. ; Aurel. Vict Epit. 45 ; /tin. Ant. pp. 263, 265 ; Orelli, Inscr. no. 499; Notit. Imp.) [L. S.] BR£M£NIUM (Bp^/tfvioir, Ptol. u. 3. § 10), in Britain, is simply mentioned in Ptolemy as a city of the Ottadini. It appears also in the list of the Geo- grapher of Ravenna. In the Itinerary it is placed 20 f miles in a north or north-western direction of Gor- f -, storpitmn (^Corhridge), Name for name Bram^
- pton coincides with it. Riechesterj Newcastle^ have
also been suggested. [R. G. L.] + RRRMKTKNRAfiTTM^ in Britain, either OU PeiWfihj or a misplacement in the Notitia of Bre- noentacae (^OverborongK). [R. G. L.] BR£NTH£(Bp^v&T7: Eth. Bpet^aTof, Bp^vBi^vs), a town of Arcadia in the district Gynuria, near the right bank of the river Alpheins, and on a small tri- butary called Brentheates (Bp«i'0c((Ti}f),only5 stadia in length. It corresponds to the modem Karitena. (Pans. viii. 28. § 7, v. 7. § 1 ; Leake, Morw,^ vol. ii. pi 292; Roes, Reuen tm PehpormeSy vol. i. p. 90.) BBE'TTIA. [BRiTAiraiA.] BR£UGI (BpevKoT), a tribe in Lower Pannonia. (Ptol. ii. 16. § 3; Strab. vii. p. 814.) Their war with the Romans under their chief Baton, and their defeat, are described by Dion Gassius (Iv. 29, foil.; camp. Plin. S. N. iii. 28). [L. S.] BREUNI, BREONES or BRIONES (Bptvvoi), a Baetian tribe dwelling in the north of the modem Tyrol, about Mount Brenner, whose capital is called by Pliny (iil 24), Breunorura caput, and is probably identicid with the modem ^rtmec^. The Brenni were one of the Alpine tribes conquered in the reign of Augustus. (Phn. I c. ; Strab. iv. p. 206 ; Hor. Carm. iv. 14. 11; Venant. Fortunat. Vit. S. Mar- tini, p. 470, ed. Luchi ; Gassiod. Var. i. 1 1 ; PauL Diac. Ixyngdb, ii. 13.) [L. S.] BREVIODU'BUM, in Gallia, is placed in the An- il^ tonine Itin. on a road between Juliobona(J!j/^e!&onne}, / in the country of the Galeti, on the UOTth side of the Seint, and Noviomagus {Liaieux), in the department of CcUvados, on the south side of the Seine. The Table, in which it is called Breviodomm, places it on a road between Jnliobona and Rotomagus(i2ouen). The name shows that it was at the ford or passage of a river. D'Anville places it at Pont-Audemerj on the Ri*le or Eille, The Itin. makes 17 and the Table 18 Gallic leagues between Juliobona and Bre- vioduram, which seems a great deal too much, as the direct distance is only about half of this. But the distance from Bouen to Ponl-Audemer agrees better with the 20 of the Table, between Rotomagus and Breviodumm. Walckenaer places Brevioduram at Pont-Avtkon, 4 or 5 nules from 3forUfort-tur- RUle. [G. L.] BRIANA (Bpuzra), a place in Phrygia Pacatiana, in the list of Uierocles. Its existence is confirmed by the evidence of two coins, one autonomous, with the epigraph 'Rpuump, (Gramer, Aaia Minor, vol. 11. p. 55.) [G. L.] BRIGINNIAE (BpiKiwiai), a small town of Sicily, mentioned by Thucydides. who calls it a fortress or stronghold (fyvfM) in the territory of Leontini. It was occupied in b. c. 422 by a body of exiles from Leontini, who held it against the Syracusans. (Thuc. V. 4.) But no subsequent mention of the name occurs, except in Stephanus of Byzantium, who pro- bably took it from Thncydides. It was evidently but a small place, and its site cannot now be deter- mined with precision. [£. U. B.] BRIGAECI'NI (BpiyaiKivo(, Ptol. ii. 6. § 30), a tribe of the Asturbs in Hispania Turraconensis, with a capital Brigaedum (BpiyalKioy, Ptol.) or Brige- cum (IHn. Ant. pp. 439, 440), 40 M. P. SE. of Asturica, near Berevente, The Trigaccini of Florus (iv. 12) are probably the same people. [P. S.j BRIGANTES (Bpiyayres). 1. A people of Bri- tain, the subjects of Gartismandna, reduced by Os- torius, occupants of the parts between the Humber and Tgne. (Tac. Awn. xii. 32, Biat. iii. 45, Agr. 17; Ptol. ii. 3. § 16.) 2. Of Ireland, mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 2. § 7) as the most south-eastern Hibernians : their probable locality being the county Kilkenny. [R G. L.] BRIGA'NTII (Bpt7«£vTioi), a tribe of the Vin- delid, on the eastern shore of the Lacus Brigantinus. Their capital Brigantium or Brigantia (the modem Bregem) was situated on the lake, on the great high road leading from the east into Gaul. In the 7th centuxy the town was already hi ruins {Vita S. Magni, 6), but several objects of antiquarian interest are still discovered there from time to time. 1'he Brigantii must not be confounded with the Ractian tribe of the Brixantae of Ptolemy (ii. 12. § 3), who occufA^ the district of the modem Brixia (Strab. iv. p. 206 ; Ptol. ii. 12. § 5, viii. 7. § 3; Amm. Marc. XV. 6; Itin, Anton, pp. 237, 259.) [L. S.] BRIGANTI'NUS LACUS (Bodensee, or Jxike of CoMtam), also called Lacus Brigantiae (Amm. Marc XV. 4), while Pomponius Mela (iii. 2) men- tions it under the names of Lacus Venetns and Lacus Acronius, the former being probably the name of the upper part of the lake, and the latter that of the lower. (Comp. Plin. ix. 29; Solin. 24; Strab. iv. pp. 192, 207, vii. pp. 292, 313, who mentions the lake without stating its name.) The general opinion of the ancients is, that the lake is formed by the Rhine, but that its waters do not mix with those of the river. This belief, however, b unfounded. Ac- cording to Strabo, the lake was one day's joumey from tihe sources of the Ister, and the tribes dwell- ing around it were the Helvetians in the south, the Raetians in the south-east, and the Vindelidans in the north. According to Ammianus Marcellinus, the form of the lake was round, and the lake itself 360 stadia in length. Its shores yren covered ^ith thick and impenetrable forests, notwithstanding which the Romans made a high road through the thickets, of which traces still exist at some distance from the northern shore, where the lake andently appears to have extended further than it now does. Not far from an bland in the lake, probably the island of Beichenau, Tiberius defeated the Vindelidans m a naval engagement, (Strab. vii. p 292 ; comp. G. Schwah,DerBoden»ee, Stuttgart, 1828, 8to.) [L. S.] BRIGA'KTIUM {Brian^on, in the department of Hautes Alpes) b marked in the Table as the first place in Gallia after Alpb Cottb {Mont Genkvre), At Brigantium the road branched, to the west through Grenoble to Vienna ( Fienfie), on the Rhone ; to the south through Ebrodunum {Embrtm), to Va- pincum {Gap). Both the Itin. and the Table give the route from Brigantium to Vapincum. The Tablei ^> • r - <i* - /• s.i- >a;^n.t. '/ / » y /
