430 BBIGANTIUM. places Brigantiam 6 M.P. from Alpb Cottia. Strabo (p. 179) mentions the Tillage Brigantium, and on a road to the Alpis Cottia, but his words are ob- acore. Ptolemy mentbna Brigantiam as within the limits of the S^gosini, or people of Segosio, Susa^ in Piedmont; bat it seems, as D'Anville obsenres, to be beyond the natural limits of the SegosinL Walcke- naer (toI. i. p. 540) justifies Ptolemy in this mat- ter by supposing that he follows a description of Italy made before the new divisions of Augustas, which we know from Pliny. Walckena«r also sup- ports his justification of Ptolemy by the Jerusalem Itin., which makes the Alpes Gottiae ooounence at Bama {La Caste Rom) between £mibruH and J9ri- angoH. [G. L.] BBIGA'NTIUM (Bpeydirnov, Dion Cass. xxxviL 53 ; Flarium Brigantium, ^Aaoviov BpiydurrtoVf Ptol. ii. 6. § 4; Brigantia, Oros. iL 3), an important seaport town of the CallaTci Luoenses, on the Magnns or Artabromm Partus (Bogf ofFerrcl and Coru&a)^ 35 M. P. NW. of Lucos Augusti {IHn. Ant. p. 424). Some geographers identify it with Et Ferr<dj others with Betanzo8f and others with La Coruna, iden- tifying the ancient tower at this place with the great lighthouse of Brigantium mentioned by Oraaius. (Florez, Etp. S. six. 14; Ukert, vol ii. pt. 1. p. 437.) [P. S.] BBIGANTIUM. [BiUGAMTn.] BBIGE {Brough-ton)^ a place in Britain, men- tioned in the Itinerary between Venta Belgamm ( Wm- Chester) and Sorbiodunum {OldSarvm), [RG.L.] BRIGIA'NI, an Alpine poople, whose name occurs in the trophy oif the Alps which b preserved in Pliny (iii. c. 20). A certain order is observed in the names; and as the Brigiani are mentioned with the Caturiges, the Brigiani may represent the people of Brigantium. [G. L.] BRIGIOSUM, a place in Gallia, on the road be- tween Mediolanum ijantonum (Samtet) and Limo- num {Poictiers)^ according to the Table. D'Anville places it at Brum. [G. L ] BRILESSUS. [Attica, p. 322, a-] BRINIA'TES, a Ligurian tribe, known to us only from a passage in Livy (xli. 19), from which we learn that they dwelt beyond (i. e. to the N. of) the Apen- But the exact sense in which he uses this nines. expression is uncertain: and there seems some reason to believe that the upper valley of the Vara (a con- fiuent of the Magra) was the abode of the Briniates. The name of Brugnato^ a small town in this dis- trict, seems to preserve some trace of the ancient appellation. (Walckenaer, Geogr, det Gaulet^ vol. i. p. 158.) [E. H. B.] BRISOANA (hpurodya, Ptol. vi.4. § 2; Bpifoyo, Arrian. Ind, 39), a small river on the coast of Persia, described by Arrian as a winter torrent, near which Nearchns found the anchorage very difficult owing to the breakers and shoals on the coast. Its posi- tion cannot be determined accurately, nor what is its modem name. It is stated to be two stadia from Rbogonis, which Dr. Vincent identifies with the modem Btmderuk, Dr. Vincent oonsidere that the Brisoana of Ptolemy and the Brixana of Arrian, cannot be the same place, unless the Brisoana of the former geographer has been transposed from the cast to the west of the headland he calls Chersonesus. (Vincent, Voyage of NearckiUf vol L pp. 404, 405.) [V.] BRITANNICAE INSULAE(Nvroi Bperawjcol, Aristot. de Mund. 3; Ptol. ii. 2. § 1, 3. § 1; Kiiaoi BptTrafucalf Polyb. iii. 57; Strab. ii. p. 93; BRITANNICAE INSULAE, Bperroyfo, Dion Cass. lix. 21 ; B/nrroivCa, PauA ^nii. 43. § 4 ; N^oi BpcrciyviScf , Dionys. Per. 566 ; Bprraivol, Ibid 28S Uprrajvucal N^cox, Maroian. ; in Lat Britannia, Britanni). I.^Dbthooratht. Assuming that the texts represent the best MSS., the orthography seems to be with the doable t in the Greek, and with the single t in the Latin classics, at least amongst the prose writors. In verse there is a slight difierence. Though the Britannia of the Latin b always short, the Greek form b not lUways long; on the contrary, Dionysius Pcri^tcs gives — i yOa Bperamfdi Afvtca TC ^vAa, «c.t.A. (283.) Also — Auriral v^<roi tcuri BperdofviZtSf ic.t.X. (^6.) It must be remembered, however, that the earliest Greek poets who give us the name of the British Isles in any form are later than the majority of tiie Roman ones. II. How FAS THE SAME AS BBTTriA OR Brettia? A statement in Prooo(nus gives us a more equi- vocal form than any above-mentioned — BriUia (Bpirrla and Bptrrla). The extent to which it b dbtinguished from Britannia may be seen in the extract itself; besides which there are several other psfisages to the same effect, i. e. distinguishing the Britanni oi Britannia from the Brittones of BriUia, " About this time, war and contest arose between the nation of the Varai and the insular soldiers, who dwell in the bland called Brittia, from the following cause. The Varai are seated beyond the river Ister, and they extend as far as the Northern Ocean and the river Rhine, which separates them from the Franks and the other nations situated in thb quar- ter. The whole of those, who formerly dwelt on either side of the river Rhine, had each a peculiar name, of which one tribe b called Germans, a name commonly applied to all. In thb (northern) ocean lies the bland BriUia, not fiir from the continent, but as much as 200 stadia, right opposite to the outiets of the Rhine, and is between Britannia and the bland Thule. For Britanma lies somewhere towards the setting sun, at the extremity of the country of the Spaniards, dbtant from the continent not less than 4,000 stadia. But Brittia lies at the hindermost extremity of Gaul, where it borders on the ocean, that b to say, to the north of Spain and Britain; whereas Thule, so far as b known to men, lies at the farthest extranity of the ocean towards the north; but mattera relating to Britain and Thule have been dbcouxsed of in our former narra- tive. Three very numerous nations possess Brittia, over each of which a king presides, which nations are named Angili, Phrissones, and Uiose sumamed from the bbnd Britones; so great indeed appeara the fecundity of these nations, that every year vast nnm- bcra migrating thence with their wives and children go to the Franks, who colonize them in such places as seem the most desert parts of their country ; and upon thb circumstance, they say, they formed a claim to the bland. Ins(Mnuch indeed, that not long since, the king of the Franks dbpatching some of hb own people on an embassy to the Emperor Justinian at Byzantium, sent them also certain of the Angili; thus making a show as though thb island also was raled by him. Such, then, are the
