CARANUSCA- nentelns, or Cnnentellas, if it be the same stream, which may be doubts. The name is enough to show that the Camntonus of Ausonios is the CharenUj for the names are the same. Ptolemy's Ganentelus, according to his geography, is certainly not the Charente^ but north of it. [G. L.] CARANUSCA. The Antonine Itin., says D'An- Tille, gives only zxxiiii between Divodorum Medio- matricorum (^Metz)j on the Mosel, and Augusta Trevirorum ( Trier or Treves)^ also on the Mosel but lower down. There must have been intermediate sta- tions between two such important positions, and the Table mwks Caranusca and Riociacum. D'Anville was not aUe to make anything of the road. Walckenaer (^Giog. ^. vol. iiL p. 89) has restored the route from the Itin. and the Table. He makes the distance between Afeiz and Trier 42 Gallic leagues, or 63 Roman miles; and he places on the mad from Divodarum, Theodonis Villa {ThionvUle) 18 M. P.; then Caranusca (CVmocA), 24 M. P.; then Kicciacum (AftitMcAeeiter), 10 U. P.; and then Trier ^ 10 M. P. But other ge<^gnipher8 give quite a different account of the matter. [G. L.] CARASA, a place in Aquitania, according to the Antonine Itin., on the route from Pompelo (Pampe- lona), in Spain, through the western Pyrenees to Aquae Tarbellicae (Dax). After passing the Sum- mus Pyrenaeus and the Imus Pyrenaeus (^St. Jean Pied-tU-Port), we come to Garis^ a name which corresponds very well to Carasa. The distance, 18 M. P., from St. Jam Pied-de~Port seems to fit pretty well, as far as we can fudge from the ordinary maps. D'Anville observes that 39 M. P., which the edition of the Itinerary by Surita and that by Wesseling give as the diistance between Carasa and Aquae Tarbellicae, is a great deal too much. Walckenaer gives the distance at 28^ M. P., accord- ing to the Naples MS. [G. L.] CARAVIS (KoffdovJs: MaUen /), a city of Ub- pania Tamconensis, on the right bank of the Iberus (^£bro)y 37 M. P. above Cae.«araugnsta. (Appian, de Reh. Hisp, 43; Hin. Ant. p. 443.) [P. S.] CARBAE (KapffflU), a people of Arabia, named by Diodonis Siculus (iii. 46), after Agathai-cides, as being contiguous to the Debae, Alilaei, and Ga- sandL They are perhaps identical with the warlike Cerbani of Pliny (vi. 28. s. 32), and ara assigned by Forster to the great Harb tribe, which name he also finds in the cUissical forms. They extended, he thinks, "eastward of the Tdiama, the entire length of the Hedjaz, or at least between the lati- tudes of Yembo and Haly (the seat of the Alilaei), where Bnrckhardt foimd " the mighty tribe of Harb." (Forster's Geog. of ArabiOj vol. ii. pp. 134 —136.) [G. W.] GA'RBAKA (Kdp€ava: Eth, KapSaytvs, Ste^h, B. *. r.), a city of Lycia, the name of which may be worth recording, as other discoveries may be made in that country. [G. L.] CARBANTORIGUM, in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy, and probably, under the name Carbantium, by the Geographer of Ravenna. The word is evi- dently a compound of the British term Caer. Its locality is in the south-western part of Scotland, as, along with Uxelum, Corda, and Trimontinm, it is one o( the four towns of the Sclgovae. It has been variously identified with Caerlaverock, with Drum' lanrig^ and with Kirkcudbright [R. G. L.] CARBINA (Kap^tfa), a city of the Messapians, mentioned by Clearchus (ap. Atken. xii. p. 522), as havbg been destroyed by the Tarentines, on which CARCINA. 515 occasion they inflicted such outrages on the inha- bitants as subsequently brought down the divine vengeance upon all persons concerned in their perpe- tration. No subsequent notice of it is found; but the conjecture which identified it with Carotngno (a considerable modem town about 12 miles W. of Brindin)^ derives some plausibility from the fiict that inscriptions have been discovered there in the Messapian dialect, thus proving it to have been«an ancient Messapian tovrn. (Romanelli, vol. ii. p. 142; Mommsen, U. I. DiaUcU, p. 63.) [E. H. B.] CARBIS (Kaf»«j, Arrian, Ind. 26), the name of a shore of the sea-(»ast of Gedrosia which was visited by the fieet of Nearchus. It does not appear to have been identified with any modem name. [V.] CA'RCASO (Carcassone), a town in the Pro- vincia of Caesar (B. G. iii. 20), and the Gallia Narbonensis of Pliny (iii. 4), who calls it '* Car- casum Yolcarom Tectosagnm." Ptolemy (ii. 10) also mentions it as one of the towns of the Volcae Tectosagcs. It is on the Atax (^«M2e), and b now the capital of the department of Aude. In the campaign of P. Crassus in Aquitania during Caesar s government of Gaul, b. c. 56, Carcaso, Tolosa, and Narbo, furnished many breve soldiers for Crassus. They were summoned by the general from a muster roll. A column a few feet high, erected in honour of M. Numerius Numerianus, i^uppQ6ed to be the same •8 the son of the emperor Cams, was found a few miles from CarcoMone, and is said to be the only momunental evidence that this was once a Roman town. Bat Numerianus was named M. Aurelius. In the Jeruoalem Itinerary it is called Castellum Car- caso. [G. L.] CARCATHIOCERTA {yLapKadi&Kt^a: Khar- ptit), the capital of Sopheme, one of the cantons of Armenia. (Strab. xi. p. 627 ; Plin. vi. 10.) St. Martin (^MHn. $ur VArmenie, vol. i. p. 188) con- siders that this was the ancient and heathen name of the city of Martyropolis [Martyropolis] ; but Ritter (Erdkundej vol x. p. 811) has shown satis- &ctorily that this cannot be the case. Carcathio- certa does not occur in the Byzantine writers, but must be the same as the strong fortress which Ce^ drenus (^IlisL Comp. vol. ii. p. 686) calls Xdfnrort^ and which commanded Mesopotamia. It was called by the Syrians Kortbost {Charibist^ D*Anville; Khortabisi, Uerbelot; i^ar«<6are<, Assemann ; comp. Von Hammer, Gesck. der Osman^ vol. i. p. 226, vol. ii. p. 345). Khaiytit is placed on an eminence at the termination of a range of mountains, com- manding a beautiful and extensive plain. At uo great distance is a lake, which, though described as salt, is really freshwater {^lAike Goljik), which Kinnoir (^Geog, Mem. Pers. Emp. p. 335) conjectures to be die hiJce Colchis of the ancients. (Comp. Ptol. v. 13.) The word Koly Kul^ or Gul frequently occure in the interior of Asia, and signifies a tarn or mountain lake. (Ritter, Erdkunde, vol. x. p. 103; Joiim. Geog. Soc. vol. vi. p. 207, vol. x. p. 365.) [E. B. J.] CARCICl, for so D'Anville affirms that we ought to read the name in the Maritime Itinerary instead of Carsici. His authority for Carcici is an inscrip- tion which Barthelemi read on the spot. The measures are very confused along this part of the coast of Gallia, but D*AnvilIe contends that the Carsicis Portus is Cauis, a place on the coast of France between Toulon and Marseille, (D*Anville, Notice^ &c.; Walckenaer, Giog., &c., vol. iii. p. 120.) [G. L.] CATiCINA {KiipKwa, Ptol. iii. 6. § 27), CAlt- LL 2
