CAVIL and that the name of Cavari was given indeed to all the harbari in these parts, though they were in &ct no longer harbari, bat most of them had adopted the Boman hmgnage and way of living, and some had ob- tained the Roman citizenship. He says (p. 1 85), that as a man goes from Massalia (^Marseille), into the interior, he oomes to the comitry of the Salyes, which extends to the Dmentia (Dwance); and then hav- ing crossed the river at the ferry of Cabellio (Ca- vaiilon)^ he enters the coontry of the Cavari, which extends along the river to the jmiction of the Bhone and the Isara (Zrere), a distance of 700 stadia. Bat the extent which Strabo gives to the Cavari can only be considered correct by nnderstanding him to com- prehend other peoples under this name. The town of Valentta ( Vcdence)^ which is south of the /««re, is phu»d by Ptolemy (iL 10) in the conntiy of the Segalaulii, the Segovellauni of Pliny (iii. 4). Be- tween the Segalaoni and the Cavari most geographers place the Tricastini ; and thus the territory of the Cavari is limited to the parts ahoat Corotfiion, Avenio {Avignon)^ and Araosio (Oroide); and perhaps we may add Carpentoracte (^CearperUras)^ thoagh this town is placed in the territory of the Memini [Cartentoracte]. But Ptolemy, who places the Cavari next to the Segalauni, assigns to them " Acnsiorum Colonia," a place otherwise un- known. Walckenaer (Geog. 4^. vol. ii. p. 209) en- deavours to show, and with some good reason for his ojnnioQ, that the Acnsiorum Colonia is MomUlimart on the east bank of the Rhone, about hidf way be- tween Vaknce and Orange, and that it is not another ibrm or a corruption of Acimum, as lyAnville sup- poses. Accordingly, the Cavari would extend from the Durafwe to McnUUnart at least. If this is right, the Tricastini are wrongly placed by D'Anville along the Rhone between the Segalauni and the Cavares ; for they are east of the Segalauni [Tricastini]. Pliny (iii. 4), however, places Valentia in the terri- toiy of the Cavares, though it has been proposed to make him say something else by a different pointing of his text, the result of which is that Valentia is not placed anywhere, or, if it is, it is placed in the territoiy of the Allobrpges, which is fidse. [G.,L.] CATII, a people in Greek Dlyria, between the rivers Panyasns and Genusus. (Liv. xliv. 30.) C AYSTER, CAYSTRUS (KaOarpos, and Ko^tr- rpioT, H(Mn. //. ii. 461 ; Kara-Su and Kutachuk Meinder, ixcLitUe Maeander), a river of Lydia, which lies between the basin of the Heimus on the north, and that of the Maeander on the south. The basin of the Cayster is much smaller than that of either of these rivers, for the Cogamus, a southern branch of the Hermus, approaches very near the Maeander, and thus these two riven and the Mgh lands to the west of the Cogamus completely surround the basin of the Cayster. The direct distance from the source of the Cayster to its mouth is not more than seventy miles, but the windings of the river make the whole length of course considerably more. The southern boundary of the basin of the Cays- ter is the Messogis or KetUxneDagh, The road which led from Physcus in Caria [Caria] to the Maeander, was continued from the Maeander to Tralles; from Tralles down the valley of the l^laeander to Mag- nesia; and from Magnesia over the hills to Ephesus in tlie valley of the Cayster. From Magnesia to Ephesus the distance was 120 stadia (Strab. p. 663). The northeni boundary of the basin of the Cayster is the magnificent range of Tmolus or Ki- nlja Mfita Tagk^ over the western or lower part of OAYSTRI CAMPUS. 577 which runs the road (320 stadia) from Ephesus to Smyrna. Strabo's notice of the Cayster is veiy im- perfect According to Pliny the high lands in which it rises are the " Cilbiana juga " (v. 29), which must be between the sources of the Cayster and the valley of the Cogamus. The Cayster receives a large body of water from the Cilbian hills, and the slopes of Messogis and Tmolus. Pliny seems to mean to say that it receives many streams, but they must have a short course, and can only be the channels by which the waters descend from the mountain slopes that shut in this contracted river basin. Pliny names one stream, Phyrites (in Harduin*s text), a small river that is crossed on the road from Ephesus to Smyrna, and joins the Cayster on the right bank ten or twelve miles above Aiasaluck, near the site of Ephesus. Pliny mentions a " stagnum Pegaseum, which sends ferUi the Phyrites," and this marsh secmS to be the morass on the road from Smyrna to Ephesus, into which the Phyrites flows, and out of which it comes a considerable stream. The upper valley of tlie Cayster contamed tibe Cilbiani Superiores and Infe- riores : the lower or wider part was the Caystrian plun. It appeara that these natural divisions de- termined in some measure the political divisions of the valley, and the Caystriani, and the Lower and Upper Cilbiani, had each their several mints. (Leake, J sia Minor, &c. p. 257.) The lo^rer valley of the Cayster is a wide flat, and the alluvial soil, in- stead of being skirted by a range of lower hills, as it is in the valleys of the Hermus and the Maeander, " abuts at once on the steep limestone mountains by which it is bounded." (Hamilton, Asia Minor , &c. voLi. p. 541.) After heavy rains the Cayster rises suddenly, and floods the lower plains. The immense quantity of earth brought down by it was a pheno- menon that did not escape the observation of the Greeks, who observed that the earth which was brought down raised the plam of the Cayster, and in fact had made it (Strab. p. 691.) The allu- vium of the river damaged the harbour of Ephesus, which was at the mouth of the river. [Ephesus.] The flat swampy level at the mouth of the Cayster appeara to be the Asian plain {"Aatos kti/x^y) of Homer (77. ii. 461), a resort df wild fowl. (Comp. Vlrg. Georg. i. 383, Aen. vii. 699.) Except Ephe- sus, the valley of the Cayster contained no great town. Strabo (p. 627) mentions Hypaepa on the slope of Tmolus, on the descent to the plain of the Cayster. It was of course north of the river. The ruins at Tgria or Tyre, near the river, and about the middle of its course, must represent some ancient city. Metropolis seems to lie near the road from Ephesus to Smyrna, and in the plain of the Phy- rites; and the modem name of Tourhali is supposed to be a corruption of Metropolis. (Hamilton.) fCL.] CAYSTRl CAMPUS (rh Kalbarpou irtBiov) is Strabo's name for the plain of the Cayster. Ste^jha- nus («. r. Kavarrptoy vtHoy) assigns it to the Ephe- sia or territory of Ephesus, with the absurd remark that the Cayster, from which it takes its name, was so called from its proximity to the Catacecaumene or Burnt Region. Stephanus adds the Ethnic name KaXi<rrptatf6s ; but this belongs properly to the people of some ph&oe, as there are medals with the legend Kawrrpuwuy, Xenophon, in his march of Cyras from Sardis {Anab. i. 2. § 11), speaks of a KaJStrrpov wcdtW. Before coming here, Cyrus passed through Celaenae, Peltae, and Ceramon Agora. The march from Ce- laenae to Peltae is 10 paiasangs; from Peltae to pp
