954 GALLIA TBANS. who waa a bold and pradeot commander, defeated the Oxybii and Doceates in two snocesMtve battles. The Ligurians now submitted, with the loss of part of their land, which the consul gave to the llassaliots. (Poljb. xxxii. 7. &r., ed. Bekker.) A second demand of aid from the Massaliots, who were pressed by the neighbouring Ligurian tribe of the Saljes, brought the consul M. Fulvius Flaceus into the country (b. c. 125). Flaceus defeated the Salyes, and even invaded the country of the Vocontii, who lived north of them ; though it does not appear that they had given the Romans any provocation. (Liv. Ep, 60.) G. Seztias Calvinus, consul b. g. 124, and afterwards ]iroconsul in Gallia, completed the subjugation of the Salyen, whom he sold (b. c 123). The Salves had a king Teutomal, who, with other chie&, flod fur refuge among the Allobroges, a people higher up the Blione. Calvinus cleared the way fcMr the passage of the Komans from Etruria into Gallia, along the Li- gurian coast, by removing all the barbarians to a certain distance from the aea^shore. Dming a winter rKiidence north of Marseille, near some hot springs, he found the place so pleasant that he chose it as the site of a town; and here the Romans planted the Latin colony of Aquae Sextiae (/lu;), their first settlement north of the Alps (b. c. 122). (Liv. Ep, 61.) At this time, the Aedui, a people between the Sadne and the upper course of the LoirCt were at war with the Allobroges, whose allies were the powerful people of the Arverni, who lived in the mountains of Auvergne. The Rinnans chose the party of the Aedui, made an alliance with them, and gave the barbarians, as they called them, the grand title of brothers and kinsmen. (Caes. B, G, i. 45, vi. 12.) The consul Cn. Domitius, who now commanded in Gallia (b.c. 122), demanded of the Allobroges the refugee chiefs oi the Salyes. Bituit (as Appian calls him, perhaps incorrectly), king of the Allobroges, sent an ambassador to the consul, to deprecate his anger. The ambassador was richly dressed, and had wiUi him a splendid train and a number d fierce dogs. He was accompanied by his bard, who sung the glories of his king, of his nation, and of the ambassudor; but the Roman consul was not moved by his muac. The Allobroges now crossed the /Mre, and found the consul at Vindalium, at the junction of the Solgas (Sorffue) and the Rhone, a little north of Avignon. The Allobroges were entirely defeated (b. c. 121). The consul for this year, Q. Fabius Maximus, came with large reinforcements, and Cn. Domitius had a command under him. The Roman generals crossed the /sere, and entered the territory of the Allobroges. The Arverni, with their neighbours the Ruteni, were now advancing upon the Romans, who found that they had just crosiied the Rhone by a bridge of boats, near the junction of the Rhone and the laere, (Strab. p. 191.) The king of the Arverni, called Bituit by Livy (JS'p. 61), who was at the head of more than 200,000 men, no doubt a greatly exagge- rated number, looked with contempt on the Rouinan legions, whom he considered hanlly enough for a dinner for his dogs. But he soon discovered what an oiemy he had to deal with. His men were fright- ened by the elephants in the Roman army (Flor.iii.2); and in the rout the Arverni fled across the bridge, which broke under their weight, and men and hontes were swallowed up in the rapid current of the Rhone. It appears that the Allobroges also were in the battle. King Bituit wandered about the mountains, till Domitius treacherously got him into his hands, and GALLIA TRANS.' sent htm to Rome. The senate pat fasm in priaoD at Alba, on the hike Fudnos ; and they afterwvds got his son Congentiat into tbur hands. The Arfcnn, though defeated, were not further molested by tbe Romans : in foct, it was not ea^ to enter their country. But the Allobroges were dedared Boman subjects; and the Romans constitnted the oonntry en the east side of the Rhone as far north as Goiera, the remotest town of the AUobroges, a Bosnas pro- vince, which they designated stmplj by the naiBe of Provincia. Fabius, who got the name of AUo- bn^cus from hb victory, and Domitius, recorded their victory by erecting a trophy of marbSe near the battle-field (Strab. p. 185), or each erected one; and Fabius built two temples. DcmitiBSy a worUiy ancestor of the emperor Nero, went about the new province riding on an elepJiant, with a root of soldiers after him. (Sueton. Nero, c. 2.) Fabius and Domitius had a triumph at Rome for their victo- ries, in which king Bituit appeared In his varioiB- coloured armour and his silver cliarioL The ProniKia hod now always a Roman army in it, and a Booisb army was always kept employed. The snocesson of Fabius tjctended the province, west of the BboDi^ along the Cevenne$; and the Helvii, Vokae Aieco- mici, and Sardones, at the foot of the Ffmees, were included in it. They also made an alhaoee with the Volcae Tectosages, whose chief town wa Toloi^a QToulonte); and tlius they prepared 'the way for getting into the basin of the GanmmA. The Romans had hitherto no passage into Gallia exerpt that along the sea. It was to secure some passage over the Alps, as it seems, that the consul Q. Ifardtts Rex (b. c 1 18) attacked the brave tribe of the Stoeoi, an Inalpine Ligurian people, all of whom perished, either by the swonl of their enemies or hy their om hand. (Oros.v. 14; Liv. i5p.62.) A brief nodes is preserved of a memorable defeat of the Romaas about this time. The Soordisci, a people eomewhse about the Save^ a Gallic race, or a mixed race, annoiyed the Macedonian frontier, and threatened Italj. The consul C. P(Hxuus Cato crossed into their oonntry, where he and liis army perished. These savage people, however, still annoyed the Northern Greeks, whom they horribly itudtreated. It is to these aod the like incursions of the Galli that Pdyfaios seems to allude when he says (ii. 35): "The abrni Inan the Galatae, not only of old, but in my time also seveial times, has terrified the Hellenes." We have heiv^ and in many other pkces. evidoice of the existence of a great number of Galli m the coantrj north ok Macedonia and Epirus. The Roman dominion in the Provincia was se- cured (B.a 118) by the establishment of Narbe Marcios {Narbonne), a Colonia Romana, on the Atax {Aude). The Romans thus commanded the road into Spain through the Eastern Pyrenees, and had an easy access to their new frie^ids the Tee- tosages. They spared no pains to secure and em- bellish the important position of Narbo, which became a commercial rival to Massilia. An invasion of barbarians from the east of the Rhone and north of the Danube now threatened the Roman dominion. Livy (£p. 63) speaks of a nation called Glmbri who entered the country over the mountains north-east of the Adriatic, the cannSxy which the Romans called Noricum. This was the first time that the Ronuuis heard the name of the Cimbri. (Tacit. Germ. c. 37.) Appian (die RA GaU. xiii) calls these invadera Tentones. The consul Cn« Papinus Carbo (b. a 113) crasaed the
