QALLIA TRAKS. Alps agBiiMt them, and, after coining to tenns with the t)ari)arians, trpachorously attack^ them, but he lost a laifre part of his army, and narrowly escaped (b. c 113). The Cimbri then, according to Ap- pian's ftoiy, which i» worth very little, retreated to the country of the Galatae ; but what Galatae are meant we do not know. Some few years later Tea- tones and Cimbri entered the countty of the Belgoe. (Oaes. B, G. ii. 4.) This seems to have been a fn»h set of barbarians: Caesar says that the Belgae were the only people of Gallia who prevented the Cimbri and Teutones from invading their territory, which may be true if he means the Belgae properly ■0 called [Bbloak] ; but it Is not exact, if he has ti)ld the truth in another place (ii. 29), where he says, that the Aduatud on the Moea were a pert of these barbarians, who were left behind to guard the cattle and baggage, while the rest moved on to the south. A short notice of the terrible devastations of these barbarians is preserved by Caesar (^B. G, vii. 77.) They ravaged Celtica; and the people, who shut themselves np in their towns, were compelled by famine to eat one anotha*. FrcMn Celtica the inva- ders passed into the Provincia ; and, in b. c. 109, the consul M. Junius Silauus was defeated by tliem ((.iv. £p. 65). In b.c. 107 L. Cassias Longinus had the province of Transalpine Gallia. The Tigu- rini, one of the Helvetian pagi, under the command of Divico, were entering the country of the AUobn^es, "who were witiiin the Provincia, and the consul went to meet them. The Roman commander fell in the battle, and liis army was ignominiously compelled to pa«8 under the yoke. The text of Orosius (v. 15), which is undoubtedly corrupt, states that Cassias pursued the Tigurini to the ocean, where he was defeated; but the Leman lake was probably the place. (Liv. Ep, 65.) L. Calpumius Piso, who commanded under Cassias, perished in the battle. He was the grandfather of the Piso whose daughter Caesar married (B. G. i. 12). M. Aemilius Scaurus, « legatus probably of Caepio, the consul of the fol- lowing year, was defeated about this time by the Cimbri, and being taken prisoner was killed by a prince named Boioriz, because he advised the Cimbri not to invade Italy. (Liv. Ep, 67.) In B. c. 105 the consul, Cn. Manlius Mazimns, was in Gallia north of the Alps, with (^ Servilius Caepio, consul in the preceding year. It was during Cae[Xo'8 consulship, it seems, that he took and plundered Tolosa, the capital of the Volcae Tec- tosagesy who had fonned an alliance with the invading barbarians, or showed a dispoeition to do sou (IKon. Cass. Frag. 97.) The consul' and Caepio were encamped separately near the Rhone, when the barbarians fell upon them, and stormed one camp after the other. The incredible number of 80,000 Roman soldiers is said to have perished. (Liv. Ep, 67.) Among the few who escaped was Q. Sertorias, who saved himself by swimming over the Rlione. After such a victory it u not surpris- ing that the invaders advanced further south. The Cimbri ravaged the country between the Rhone and the Pyrenees, and entered Spain. But they were driven back by the Celtiberi, and returning into Gallia joined the Teutones. The brief notices of these wars generally mention the Cimbri and Teu- tones together. We have hardly any evidence whether they were two people or one. It is generally mssumed that the Teutones must be a Teutonic race, as their name would show ; but tliis is not conclu- sive. The Cimbri are also supposed by some writers GALLLA. TRAKS. 955 to bo a Germanic people, though the reasons for this supposition are not sufficient. Plutarch (ifart«#, ell) has collected some of the opinions about the origin and nationality of those people, and nobody has found out anjrthing better yet It was a whole nation in movement, with thdr waggons, dogs, wives, and children. The Romans appointed C. Marias consul for the thinl time, b. a 103, to continue the war against the barbarians. Soon after his arrival in the province he made the cut at the outlet of the Rhone the traces of which still remain. [Fossa Mariaiia.] Marius had with him L. Cornelius Sulla, as legatus, who defeated the Tectosages, who were in arms against the Romans, and took their king Copill prisoner. (Plut. SuUoy c. 4.) The bar- barians now divided themselves into two parts. The Cimbri, with the Helvetic Tigurini, crossed Helvetia to make their way into Italy by the Tri- dentine Alps. The Teutones, and a people with them named Ambrones, moved on towards the Ligurian country. (Flut. Mar, c. 15.) The story of the movements of the barbarians cannot be ac- cepted as true. The fact of a body of barbarians advancing along the Rhone towards Italy, and of another body about the same time entering the basin of the Po from the north-east, is all that we know. C. Marias (b.c. 102.), now consul for the fourth time, entrenched himself near the junction of the Rhone and the Isir€f while the countless host of barbarians post him on their way to tlie south. Marius followed the Teutones, and in a battle near Aquae Sextiae destroyed and dispersed them. Their king Teutoboochus, a gigantic barbarian, was made prisoner, and afterwards walked in Marius' triam[Ji at Rome. (Floras, iii. 3.) In the next year, C. Marius, consul for the fifth time, with his colleague Lutatius Catulus, defeated the Cimbri in the country north of the Po. The destruction of these invaders kept Korthem Gallia qniet for a tune, and there was no great movement cf the barbarians until B. c. 58. In the wars which followed Sulla*s usurpation, Q. Sertorius, he who escaped from the rout of Caepio's anny on the Rhone, maintained in Spain the cause of the Marian faction ; and many of this party fled to the Provinda. Some of the Aquitani served under Sertorius in Spain, where they learned the art of war. {B, G, iii. 23.) In b. a 78 L. Manilius, proconsul of Gallia, was obliged to quit Aquitania with the loss of his baggage ; and tiie legatus, L. Valerius Praeooninus, was defeated and kiHed. (B, G, iii. 20.) In b. c. 76 Cn. Pom* peius marched uito Spain against Sertorius. Ho made his way into the Provincia, over the Alps, by a new route to the Romans, and his road to Narbonne was marked by blood. The Galli of the provincia were in arms against the Romans. Pom- peius gave the bmds of the Helvii and Volcae Are- comici, who had been the most active in the rising, to the Massaliots. (Caes. B, C, i. 35.) Pom- peius left M. Fonteius governor of the Provincia. During his administration tlie Provincia was in re- bellion, and the Galli attacked both Massilia and Narbo, but Fonteius drove them off. He was three years in Gallia, dm-ing which time the country was drained of itn resources to supi^y the Roman armies opposed to Sertorius in Spain. Fonteius was also charged with enriching himself by illegal means; and when affairs were more settled, b. c. 69, he was tried at Rome, on charges made by the Allobroges and Volcae, for the offence of Repctundae. He
