atoms. The duke promptly denounced him to the inquisition for sacrilege, which, taken perhaps in conjunction with his known heretical lapses, was sufficient to insure a decree of death with torture. He was respited, but detained in prison at Seville, where, falling a victim to melancholy mania, he is said to have starved himself to death in 1522.
[Vasari's Vite de' più eccellenti Pittori, Scultori ed Architetti, vol. iv. ed. Milanesi; Vasari's Vita del gran Michelangelo Buonarroti; Condivi's Vita di Michelangelo Buonarroti; Symonds's Life of Michael Angelo, 1893, i. 31, 84; Vita di Benvenuto, scritta da lui stesso, and J. A. Symonds's Memoirs of Cellini; Stow's Survey of London; Ryves's Angliæ Ruina; Sandford's Genealogical History of the Kings and Queens of England; Cumberland's Anecdotes of Spanish Painters; Duppa's Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting in England; Stanley's Memorials of Westminster Abbey; Brayley and Neale's History and Antiquities of the Abbey Church of Westminster; Dart's Westmonasterium; Gilbert Scott's Gleanings from Westminster Abbey; Bacon's History of the Reign of Henry VII; Carter's Specimens of Ancient Sculpture and Painting; Perkins's Historical Handbook of Italian Sculpture.]
TORRINGTON, Earl of. [See Herbert, Arthur, 1647-1716.]
TORRINGTON, Viscount. [See Byng, George, 1663-1733.]
TORSHELL or TORSHEL, SAMUEL (1604–1650), puritan divine, was probably identical with Samuel Torshell, born on 4 July 1604, the son of Richard Torshell, a London merchant taylor, who entered Merchant Taylors' school in 1617 (Robinson, Merchant Taylors' School Reg. i. 92). According to Richard Smyth, his mother was a midwife. Cole conjectures that he studied at Cambridge University (Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 5882, f. 62). Torshell seems first to have preached in London, but before 1632 he was appointed by the Haberdashers' Company rector of Bunbury in Cheshire. Though always inclined to puritan views, he states that he was finally convinced of the inexpediency of episcopacy when he 'met with Mr. White's learned and serious speech against it in parliament.' When the custody of the two youngest children of Charles I was committed to Algernon Percy, tenth earl of Northumberland [q. v.], on 18 March 1643–4, Torshell was appointed their tutor. He afterwards became preacher at Cripplegate, London, and died on 22 March 1649–50.
He was author of: 1. ‘The Three Questions of Free Justification, Christian Liberty, the Use of the Law, explicated in a briefe Comment on St. Paul to the Galatians,’ London, 1632, 12mo. 2. ‘The Saints Humiliation,’ London, 1633, 4to. 3. ‘A Helpe to Christian Fellowship,’ London, 1644, 4to. 4. ‘The Hypocrite discovered and cured,’ London, 1644, 4to. 5. ‘The Womans Glorie: a Treatise asserting the due Honour of that Sexe. Dedicated to the young Princesse Elizabethe her Highenesse,’ London, 1645, 12mo; 2nd ed. 1650. 6. ‘The Palace of Justice opened and set to Veiw’ [sic], London, 1646, 4to. 7. ‘A Designe about disponing the Bible into an Harmony,’ London, 1647, 4to; reprinted in the ‘Phenix,’ 1707, i. 96–113. Torshell also published ‘A learned and very usefull Commentary upon the whole Prophesie of Malachy, by Richard Stock. Whereunto is added an Exercitation upon the same Prophesie of Malachy, by Samuel Torshell,’ London, 1641, 12mo; reprinted by Dr. A. B. Grosart.
[Smyth's Obituary (Camden Soc.), p. 20; Wood's Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 271; Torshell's Works.]
TOSTIG, TOSTI, or TOSTINUS (d. 1066), earl of the Northumbrians, was son of Earl Godwin [q. v.], probably coming third in order of birth among his sons, next after Harold (Vita Ædwardi, p. 409; Freeman, Norman Conquest, ii. 554). In 1051 he married Judith, daughter of Baldwin IV, called the Bearded, count of Flanders, by his second wife, a daughter of Richard II, duke of Normandy, and sister of Baldwin V (Florence, an. 1051, and Orderic, pp. 492, 638, make her a daughter of Baldwin V, but comp. Vita, u.s. pp. 404, 428; Norman Conquest, iii. 663). Just at that time King Edward quarrelled with Earl Godwin. Tostig shared in his father's banishment, and with him took refuge in Flanders at the court of his brother-in-law. He returned to England with his father in 1052. Edward was much attached to him, and, on the death of Earl Siward [q. v.] in 1055, made him earl of Northumbria, Northamptonshire, and Huntingdonshire, passing over Siward's son Waltheof [q. v.], who was then young. At the time of his appointment Northumbria was in a wild state, and men were forced to travel in parties of twenty or thirty to guard their lives and goods from the attacks of robbers. Tostig ruled with vigour and severity, and by punishing all robbers, even those of the highest rank, with mutilation or death, brought the country into a state of complete
