The funds thus acquired were, to a large extent, expended in making public improvements. A clause inserted in all deeds forbade the sale of intoxicating liquors on the land concerned, under pain of the reversion of such property to the colony. The initiation fees ($5) were used for the expenses of locating the colony, and the membership certificate fees ($150) were expended in the construction of irrigating ditches, as was the money received from the sale of town lots, except about $13,000 invested in a school building (now the Meeker Building). Greeley was organized as a town in 1871, and was chartered as a city of the second class in 1886. The “Union Colony of Colorado” still exists as an incorporated body and holds reversionary rights in streets, alleys and public grounds, and in all places “where intoxicating liquors are manufactured, sold or given away, as a beverage.”
See Richard T. Ely, “A Study of a ‘Decreed’ Town,” Harper’s Magazine, vol. 106 (1902–1903), p. 390 sqq.
GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832–1896), English geologist,
son of the Rev. Thomas Sheldon Green, master of the
Ashby Grammar School, was born at Maidstone on the 10th of
October 1832. He was educated partly at his father’s school,
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and afterwards at Gonville and Caius
College, Cambridge, where he graduated as sixth wrangler
in 1855 and was elected a fellow of his college. In 1861 he
joined the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and surveyed
large areas of the midland counties, Derbyshire and Yorkshire.
He wrote (wholly or in part) memoirs on the Geology of Banbury
(1864), of Stockport (1866), of North Derbyshire (1869, 2nd ed.
1887), and of the Yorkshire Coal-field (1878). In 1874 he retired
from the Geological Survey, having been appointed professor
of geology in the Yorkshire College at Leeds; in 1885 he became
also professor of mathematics, while for many years he held
the lectureship on geology at the school of military engineering
at Chatham. He was elected F.R.S. in 1886, and two years later
was chosen professor of geology in the university of Oxford.
His manual of Physical Geology (1876, 3rd ed. 1882) is an excellent
book. He died at Boar’s Hill, Oxford, on the 19th of August 1896.
A portrait of him, with brief memoir, was published in Proc. Yorksh. Geol. and Polytechnic Soc. xiii. 232.
GREEN, DUFF (1791–1875), American politician and journalist,
was born in Woodford county, Kentucky, on the 15th of August
1791. He was a school teacher in his native state, served during
the War of 1812 in the Kentucky militia, and then settled in
Missouri, where he worked as a schoolmaster and practised law.
He was a member of the Missouri Constitutional Convention
of 1820, and was elected to the state House of Representatives
in 1820 and to the state Senate in 1822, serving one term in each
house. Becoming interested in journalism, he purchased and
for two years edited the St Louis Enquirer. In 1825 he bought
and afterwards edited in Washington, D.C., The United States
Telegraph, which soon became the principal organ of the Jackson
men in opposition to the Adams administration. Upon Andrew
Jackson’s election to the presidency, the Telegraph became the
principal mouthpiece of the administration, and received printing
patronage estimated in value at $50,000 a year, while Green
became one of the coterie of unofficial advisers of Jackson
known as the “Kitchen Cabinet.” In the quarrel between
Jackson and John C. Calhoun, Green supported the latter, and
through the columns of the Telegraph violently attacked the
administration. In consequence, his paper was deprived of the
government printing in the spring of 1831. Green, however,
continued to edit it in the Calhoun interest until 1835, and gave
vigorous support to that leader’s nullification views. From 1835
to 1838 he edited The Reformation, a radically partisan publication,
devoted to free trade and the extreme states’ rights theory.
In 1841–1843 he was in Europe on behalf of the Tyler administration,
and he is said to have been instrumental in causing the
appointment of Lord Ashburton to negotiate in Washington
concerning the boundary dispute between Maine and Canada.
In January 1843 Green established in New York City a short-lived
journal, The Republic, to combat the spoils system and to
advocate free trade. In September 1844 Calhoun, then secretary
of state, sent Green to Texas ostensibly as consul at Galveston,
but actually, it appears, to report to the administration, then
considering the question of the annexation of Texas, concerning
the political situation in Texas and Mexico. After the close of
the war with Mexico Green was sent to that country in 1849
by President Taylor to negotiate concerning the moneys which,
by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States had
agreed to pay; and he saved his country a considerable sum by
arranging for payment in exchange instead of in specie. Subsequently
Green was engaged in railway building in Georgia and
Alabama. On the 10th of June 1875 he died in Dalton, Georgia, a city which in 1848 he had helped to found.
GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837–1883), English historian, was born at Oxford on 12th December 1837, and educated at
Magdalen College School and at Jesus College, where he obtained
an open scholarship. On leaving Oxford he took orders and
became the incumbent of St Philip’s, Stepney. His preaching
was eloquent and able; he worked diligently among his poor
parishioners and won their affection by his ready sympathy.
Meanwhile he studied history in a scholarly fashion, and wrote
much for the Saturday Review. Partly because his health was
weak and partly because he ceased to agree with the teaching
of the Church of England, he abandoned clerical life and devoted
himself to history; in 1868 he took the post of librarian at
Lambeth, but his health was already breaking down and he
was attacked by consumption. His Short History of the English
People (1874) at once attained extraordinary popularity, and
was afterwards expanded in a work of four volumes (1877–1880).
Green is pre-eminently a picturesque historian; he had a vivid
imagination and a keen eye for colour. His chief aim was to
depict the progressive life of the English people rather than to
write a political history of the English state. In accomplishing
this aim he worked up the results of wide reading into a series
of brilliant pictures. While generally accurate in his statement
of facts, and showing a firm grasp of the main tendency of a
period, he often builds more on his authorities than is warranted
by their words, and is apt to overlook points which would have
forced him to modify his representations and lower the tone of
his colours. From his animated pages thousands have learned
to take pleasure in the history of their own people, but could
scarcely learn to appreciate the complexity inherent in all
historical movement. His style is extremely bright, but it
lacks sobriety and presents some affectations. His later histories,
The Making of England (1882) and The Conquest of England
(1883), are more soberly written than his earlier books, and are
valuable contributions to historical knowledge. Green died at
Mentone on the 7th of March 1883. He was a singularly attractive
man, of wide intellectual sympathies and an enthusiastic
temperament; his good-humour was unfailing and he was a
brilliant talker; and his work was done with admirable courage
in spite of ill-health. It is said that Mrs Humphry Ward’s
Robert Elsmere is largely a portrait of him. In 1877 Green
married Miss Alice Stopford; and Mrs Green, besides writing
a memoir of her husband, prefixed to the 1888 edition of his
Short History, has herself done valuable work as an historian,
particularly in her Henry II. in the “English Statesmen” series (1888), her Town Life in the 15th Century (1894), and The Making of Ireland and its Undoing (1908).
See the Letters of J. R. Green (1901), edited by Leslie Stephen. (W. Hu.)
GREEN, MATTHEW (1696–1737), English poet, was born of
Nonconformist parents. He had a post in the custom house,
and the few anecdotes that have been preserved of him show him
to have been as witty as his poems would lead one to expect.
He died unmarried at his lodging in Nag’s Head Court, Gracechurch
Street, in 1737. His Grotto, a poem on Queen Caroline’s
grotto at Richmond, was printed in 1732; and his chief poem,
The Spleen, in 1737 with a preface by his friend Richard Glover.
These and some other short poems were printed in Dodsley’s
collection (1748), and subsequently in various editions of the
British poets. They were edited in 1796 with a preface by Dr
Aikin and in 1883 by R. E. A. Willmott with the poems of Gray
and others. The Spleen is an epistle to Mr Cuthbert Jackson,
