Genuine Remains of Lord Bacon (1679). He was one of the founders of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.
The Memoirs of the Life and Times of the Most Rev. Father in God, Dr Thomas Tenison, late Archbishop of Canterbury, appeared without date not long after his death. See also Gilbert Burnet’s History of his own Time and Macaulay’s History of England.
TEN KATE, JAN JACOB LODEWIJK (1819–1889), Dutch divine, prose writer and poet, was born at The Hague on the 23rd of December 1819. He started in life as a lawyer’s clerk. It was his friend, Dr Heldring, pastor at Hemmen, in Gelderland, who, discovering in Ten Kate the germs of poetical genius, enabled him to study theology at the university of Utrecht (1838–43). Having completed his studies, Ten Kate became pastor at Middelburg, Amsterdam, and other places, meanwhile developing well-nigh ceaseless activity, both in prose and lyric poetry. Among his prose works may be mentioned the travel papers (Rhine, 1861; Italy, 1857–62), Christelijke Overdenkingen (“Thoughts of a Christian,” 1849–52), and other religious studies. His early poetry was in the main original. The best known of his poems were—Ahasverus op de Grimsel (“Ahasuerus on the Grimsel,” 1840); Zangen des Tijds (“Songs of the Times,” 1841); Legenden en Mengelpoëzie (“Legends and Detached Poems,” 1846); In den Bloemhof (“In the Flower Garden,” 1851); De Schepping (“The Creation,” 1866); De Planeten (“The Planets,” 1869); De Jaargetijden (“The Seasons,” 1871); De Psalmen (“The Psalms,” 1874); De Vrouw in het Nederlandsch Lied (“Woman in Dutch Song,” 1882); Palmtakken en Dichtbloemen (“Palm-branches and Flowers of Poesy,” 1884). Ten Kate reached the pinnacle of his poetic fame in The Creation, The Planets, and The Seasons. These poems certainly show a masterly grasp of his mother tongue and a wonderful facility of expression, coupled with graceful vigour and fertile fancy. These qualities he also plentifully displayed in the innumerable translations he made of many of the masterpieces of foreign poetry in nearly every European language. He had not only an extraordinary aptitude for learning alien idioms, hut also the gift of translating foreign lyrics into clear, fluent and beautiful Dutch verse. Ten Kate’s versatility in this respect has never been equalled; it extended from Tasso and Andersen to Dante, Schiller, Victor Hugo, Milton, Tennyson and Longfellow. Ten Kate died at Amsterdam on the 24th of December 1889.
His complete Poetic Works were published after his death in 12 volumes (Leiden, 1891).
TENNANT, CHARLES (1768–1838), Scottish industrial chemist, was born at Ochiltree, Ayrshire, on the 3rd of May 1768. He started in business as a bleacher at Darnley, and in 1798 took out a patent for a bleach liquor formed by passing chlorine into a mixture of lime and water. This product had the advantage, as compared with the Eau de Javelles, then generally used, that a cheaper base, lime, was substituted for potash in its preparation; but when he attempted to protect his rights against infringement his patent was held invalid on the double ground that the specification was incomplete and that the invention had been anticipated at some bleach-works near Nottingham. In 1799 he patented a more convenient material in bleaching powder or “chloride of lime,” formed by the action of chlorine on slaked lime, and for its manufacture founded at Glasgow in 1800 the well-known St Rollox chemical works, now merged in the United Alkali Company. He died at Glasgow on the 1st of October 1838.
His grandson the iron-master, Sir Charles Tennant (1823–1906), was M.P. for Glasgow from 1878 to 1880 and for Peebles and Selkirk from 1880 to 1886; he was created a baronet in 1885.
TENNANT, SMITHSON (1761–1815), English chemist, was born at Selby, Yorkshire, on the 30th of November 1761. He began to study medicine at Edinburgh in 1781, but in a few months moved to Cambridge, where he devoted himself to botany and chemistry. He graduated M.D. at Cambridge in 1790, and about the same time purchased an estate near Cheddar, where he carried out agricultural experiments. He was appointed professor of chemistry at Cambridge in 1813, but lived to deliver only one course of lectures, being killed near Boulogne on the 22nd of February 1815 by the fall of a bridge over which he was riding. He was a man of more promise than performance, and his chief achievement was the discovery of the elements iridium and osmium, which he found in the residues from the solution of platinum ores (1804). He also contributed to the proof of the identity of diamond and charcoal.
TENNANT, WILLIAM (1784–1848), Scottish scholar and poet,
was born on the 15th of May 1784 at Anstruther Easter, Fifeshire. He was lame from childhood. His father sent him to
the university of St Andrews, where he remained for two years,
and on his return he became clerk to one of his brothers, a
corn factor. In his leisure time he mastered Hebrew as well as
German and Italian. His study of Italian verse bore fruit in
the mock-heroic poem of Anster Fair (1812), which gave an
amusing account of the marriage of “Maggie Lauder,” the
heroine of the popular Scottish ballad. It was written in the
ottava rima adopted a few years later by “the ingenious brothers
Whistlecraft” (John Hookham Frere), and turned to such
brilliant account by Byron in Don Juan. The poem, unhackneyed in form, full of fantastic classical allusions applied
to the simple story, and brimming over with humour, had an
immediate success. Tennant’s brother, meanwhile, had failed
in business, and the poet became in 1812 schoolmaster of the
parish of Dunino, near St Andrews. From this he was promoted
(1816) to the school of Lasswade, near Edinburgh; from
that (1819) to a mastership in Dollar academy; from that (1834),
hy Lord Jeffrey, to the professorship of oriental languages in
St Andrews. The Thane of Fife (1822), shows the same
humorous imagination as Anster Fair, but the subject was more
remote from general interest, and the poem fell flat. He also
wrote a poem in the Scottish dialect, Papistry Stormed (1827);
two historical dramas, Cardinal Beaton (1823) and John Baliol
(1825); and a series of Hebrew Dramas (1845), founded on
incidents in Bible history. He died at Devon Grove, on the
14th of February 1848.
A Memoir of Tennant by M. F. Connolly was published in 1861.
TENNEMANN, WILHELM GOTTLIEB (1761–1819), German historian of philosophy, was born at Erfurt. Educated at his native town, he became lecturer on the history of philosophy at Jena in 1788. Ten years later he became professor at the same university, where he remained till 1804. His great work is an eleven-volume history of philosophy, which he began at Jena and finished at Marburg, where he was professor of philosophy from 1804 till his death. He was one of the numerous German philosophers who accepted the Kantian theory as a revelation.
In 1812 he published a shorter history of philosophy, which was translated into English in 1852 under the title Manual of the History of Philosophy.
TENNENT, SIR JAMES EMERSON, Bart. (1804–1869), English politician and traveller, the third son of William Emerson, a merchant of Belfast, was born there on the 7th of April 1804. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, of which he afterwards became LL.D. He took up the cause of Greek independence, and travelled in Greece, publishing a
Picture of Greece (1826), Letters from the Aegean (1829), and a History of Modern Greece (1830); and he was called to the English bar at Lincoln’s Inn in 1831. In this year he married the daughter and co-heiress (with her cousin, Robert James Tennent, M.P. for Belfast, 1848–52) of William Tennent, a wealthy merchant at Belfast, who died of cholera in 1832, and he adopted by royal licence the name of his wife in addition to his own. He entered parliament in 1832 as member for Belfast. In 1841 he became secretary to the India Board, and in 1845 he
was knighted and appointed colonial secretary of Ceylon, where he remained till 1850. The result of his residence there appeared in Christianity in Ceylon (1850) and Ceylon, Physical, Historical and Topographical (2 vols., 1859). On his return, he became member for Lisburn, and under Lord Derby was secretary to the Poor Law Board in 1852. From 1852 till 1867 he was permanent secretary to the Board of Trade, and on his
