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Table XII. includes a number of very fine vessels which Ger- many was building in 1914 to compete with the " Aquitania," " Olympic," and such types of British ships, in order to gain a still larger proportion of the Atlantic trade. Amongst them were the largest vessels afloat in 1921. In certain cases German companies were afterwards enabled to repurchase from the Allies some of the surrendered ships, which then reverted to German ownership. Austria had to surrender all her shipping, about 1 1 million tons. This was handed over to Italy, with the excep- tion of about 70,000 tons for France.

Statistics. The world's output had reached a maximum of 3,330,000 tons in 1913, and was falling again in 1914. The tonnage

launched in the United Kingdom reached the record total of approxi- mately 2,000,000 tons in 1913, and in 1914 it had decreased by over 10 per cent. Great efforts had been made in France, Germany, Holland, Japan and Norway, and the totals in these countries showed distinctly upward tendencies. In the United States very great fluctuations occurred ; the output on the coast had fallen to 95,000 tons, and on the Great Lakes to 75,000 tons in 1911, while in 1913 228,000 tons were launched on the coast and only 48,000 tons on the Lakes.

Table XI 1 1. shows the tonnage of ships launched in various coun- tries from 1910-20. The diagram Fig. 44 has been prepared on the basis of these figures. The striking results obtained in the British colonies and Japan will be noted, and the overwhelming influence of U.S. shipbuilding. Many of the American yards which were specially constructed for war purposes were in 1921 being closed,

TABLE X. Submarines of Non-British Navies.

Navy

Date of Launch

Length Ft.

Displacement : Tons

Horse-Power

Speed: Knots

Armament

Surface

Submerged

Surface

Submerged

Surface

Sub- merged

BRAZIL ....

1913

150

250

3/0

800

14

8^

2 18 in. T. T.

CHILE ....

1915

ISO

35

470

480

640

. 13

n

418 in. T. T.

FRANCE ....

1916

173

410

560

1,300

900

I3i

8

13 in.

8 18 in. T. T.

1917

243

850

1,180

2,900

1,650

17

I0j

23 m.

8 1 8 in. T. T.

ITALY ....

1915

207

700

1,000

2,600

1,300

18

10

2 14 V'dr.

6 1 8 in. T. T.

JAPAN

1917

215

700

1,070

2,600

1,300

18

IO

13 >n-

6 18 in. T. T.

UNITED STATES

1918

1 86

570

680

880

900

i3i

I0|

13 in.

4 21 in. T. T.

1918

264

1,100

1,500

4,000

1,500

20

II J

23 m.

8 21 in. T. T.

GERMANY

1914-8

Class:

U86

41

230

800

940

2,400

1,180

i6i

8

14-1 in. 13-5 m-

or 2 4-1 in. 4 T. T.

Ui42 ....

it

320

2,160

2,760

6,000

2,600

18

8

25-9 m. 6T. T.

UBi

ii

92

128

143

60

1 20

6J

si

I machine gun.

2T. T.

UB48 ....

ii

181

521

657

1,100

760

I3l

7i

I 4-1 in. ST. T.

UCi

i

in

176

185

90

138

6*

5

I machine gun.

12 mines.

UCgo ....

ii

184

496

575

650

600

12

6i

I 4-1 in. 14 mines.

3 T. T.

UE7I ....

ii

1 86

762

846

900

800

ioi

8

I 3-5 in. 36 mines. 2 T. T.

UEnr ....

ii

267

1,170

i,5i5

2,400

1,150

15

71

I 5-9 in. or 2 4- 1 in.

42 mines. 4 T. T.

Deutschland (Ui52>

214

1,525

1,885

800

800

IO

5h

2 rf. 9 T in -

TABLE XI. Merchant-ships lost in the War.

Name

Tonnage (Gross)

Country

Name

Tonnage (Gross)

Country

' Alcantara "

.

15,831

U.K.

' Koningen Emma " .

9,181

Dutch

' Andania " .

I3-4 5

"

' Laconia "

18,099

U.K.

' Arabic "

15,801

"

' La Provence " .

!3>753

French

' Aurania "

'3 >93 6

"

' Laurentic "

14,892

U.K.

' Avenger " (ex. " Ao 1 Ballarat "

earc

a")'

13.441 11,120

ii ii

' Llandovery Castle " ' Lusitania '

ii,493 30,096

ii

' Britannic "

.

48,158

ii

' Medina "

12,350

"

' Bonheur "

.

7,132

Norway

1 Minnehaha "

13,714

"

' Calgarian " ' Cameronia " .

17,515 10,963

U.K.

' O. B. Jennings " ' Oceanic " .

10,290 17,274

U.S.A.

U.K.

' Campania "

.

12,884

"

'Otaki" .

9,575

H

' Cap Trafalgar "

18,710

German

' President Lincoln " .

18,168

U.S.A.

' City of Adelaide " ' City of Paris "

8,389 9,239

U.K.

' Principe Umberto". ' Rotorua " .

7,929 11,140

Italian U.K.

' Covington "

16,339

U.S.A.

' Royal Edward "

11,117

i i

' FranConia "

.

18,150

U.K.

' San Hilario " .

10,157

' Gallia " ' Glenart Castle "

14,966 6,824

French U.K.

' Transylvania " . .

14-315 7,562

..

' Hirano Maru "

.

W|WMB

7,936

Japan

' Tubantia " . .

13.9"

Dutch

' Ivernia " .

14,278

U.K.

' Tuscania "

14,348

U.K.

' Justicia " .

32,234

'

' Volturno " .

1 1 ,496

Italian

' Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse "

13,952

German

' Yasaka Maru "

10,932

Japan