(line 18) as phonetic. The latter portion is said to have been the original character, moon being added as a differentia when the written language began to grow. Yu is the root idea of being and possession, q.d. to exist, to have, which senses have been fancifully derived from the moon present, not eclipsed. Read yu4, it means plus.
I is composed of 羊 yang sheep (line 77) above 我 wo I (line 147) = my sheep, and points towards a great obligation in primitive ages. It can be best rendered in philosophy by duty towards one's neighbour (line 69). Thus it came to mean something provided from a sense of duty, as a burying-ground for the poor, troops to defend the people's liberties (line 240), etc. It also signifies meaning, purport.
Fang originally meant, and is supposed to be a picture of, two boats joined together. Then it came to mean square, and by extension a place. Here it stands for the colloquial 方法 fang fa a means of doing. For an adverbial sense, see line 30.
| 15. | 教 | 五 | 子 | He taught five sons, | |
| Chiao4 | wu2 | tzŭ3 | |||
| Teach | five | son |
Chiao see line 5.
Wu was originally written X, and for short X. It is now classed under radical 二 êrh two (line 116), representing heaven above and earth below, the cross lines shewing the interaction of the male and female principles of Chinese cosmogony.
Tzŭ see line 11.
| 16. | 名 | 俱 | 揚 | each of whom raised the family reputation. | |
| Ming2 | chü1 | yang2 | |||
| Name | all | raise |
Ming is composed of 夕 hsi evening (line 266) and 口 k'ou mouth
