Jen is in the possessive case by position and by logical requirements.
Tzŭ see line 11. [Jen tzŭ is the same as 人之子 jen chih tzŭ, which has been adopted by the translators of the Bible as rendering "the Son of Man" (Matt. VIII. 20 etc.). But these terms point rather to sons of men in general, and require the insertion of a demonstrative particle.]
| 30. | 方 | 少 | 時 | when he is young | |
| Fang1 | shao4 | shih2 | |||
| Just | young | time |
Fang see line 14. It is here used adverbially and signifies just now, then, when, a moment ago.
Shao is composed of 小 hsiao small (line 113) as opposed to 大 ta great (lines 113, 127), and a sweeping stroke from right to left. It has come by extension to mean young, and when preceding a man's name is used in the sense of the Younger So-and-So, as opposed to 老 (line 24) the Elder. Its original meaning was few as opposed to 多 to many (line 302), in which sense it is now read shao3.
Shih has 日 jih the sun (line 52) as radical, pointing towards the meaning, and 寺 ssŭ a temple as phonetic. The latter is composed of 寸 ts'un inch as radical, which seems to refer to regulations, below an abbreviation of 之 chih (line 1) as phonetic, and is used in several important characters (line 135).
| 31. | 親 | 師 | 友 | should attach himself to his teachers and friends. | |
| Ch'in1 | shih1 | yu3 | |||
| Intimate | teacher | friend |
Ch'in is composed of 見 chien to see (line 42) and a phonetic. It is defined in the Shuo Wên by 至 chih (line 94), and one of its earliest meanings was to love, close attachment to; hence it comes to mean parents, relatives (line 35).
