704 HERALDRY [DIFFERENCE*.- sleeve and proclaimed it, with a valuable ruby, as a prize to be con tended for. Bayard himself won it, and the lady wore it for his sake. Fig. 123 is from the seal of John de Hastings, 1291. The Batter ing -ram is borne by the Berties, earls of Liudsey, sometime dukes of Ancaster, with the allusive motto, "Virtus ariete fortior" (fig. 122). The Escarbuncle VT&B& very early bearing of the Mandevilles. It is a cross of eight rays, set with knobs and the arms ending in fleurs-de-lys. In another form the ends are connected by cross-bars. The escarbuncle of the reign of Henry III. resembles the iron work on doors of that period. Blount of Bitton : argent, two bars azure, over all an escarbuncle of eight rays gules, fleurette e and pomette e or. Among musical instruments the Clarion is borne by Granville, and is seen on tiles at Neath abbey. It resembles a pan-pipe. The Trumpet is seen on the fine Trumping- ton brass near Cambridge. Williams of Thame : azure, two organ pipes saltier- wise, the dexter over the sinister, between four saltires argent. The Water Budget or bucket is an early charge identified with the names of Ros and Rose. Ros, however, got it from the Trusbuts of Belvoir, who possibly bore it as lords of "Watre in Holderness. Mr Planche has discovered a drawing of a pair of water budgets in actual use. They were of leather, and carried in pairs on a stick over the shoulder. DEBASED HERALDRY. Of debased heraldry there is no lack of examples, and a few are ancient. Thomas de Insula, bishop of Ely (1345-61), bore gules, three bezants, on each a crowned king, robed sable, doubled ermine, sustaining a covered cup in his right hand and a sword in his left, both or. No doubt, like the arms of the sees of Chichester and Salisbury, this extraordinary coat was meant to be painted on a ban ner. Camden granted a great number of coats, mostly of a complex character, and since his time heraldic taste has not improved. Tetlow (granted 1760) bore " on a book erect gules, clasped and leaved or, a silver penny argent, thereon written the Lord s Prayer ; at the top of the book a dove proper, in his beak a crowquill pen sable." Other grants show negroes working in a plantation, Chinese porters carrying cinnamon, &c. The grants to Lord Nelson and his gallant captains, and to the elder Herschel, are utterly unheraldic. It can scarcely be wondered at that Lord Chesterfield, correcting the Garter of his day, re marked, " You foolish man, you don t understand your own foolish business." DIFFERENCES AND MARKS OF CADENCY. The object of an armorial bearing having been to dis tinguish one iron-sheathed warrior from another, it was necessary to provide bearings for the members of a family, all entitled to take the paternal coat. This was managed by the introduction of a difference (French, Irisure), usually some slight but well-marked alteration, sometimes by in verting the tinctures, sometimes by changing an ordinary or a smaller charge, as a bend for a fess, or a crosslet for a martlet. Where an heiress had been married a part of her coat was often introduced. The object was with a suffi cient difference to show the connexion with the head of the house. The following examples are from the families of Hastings and Zouch. Females, who wore no armour, did not need distinguishing marks, and bore the coat unbroken. Sir John Hastings bore (see fig. 123) or, a maunch gules, called " le de plein armes. " Sir William Hastings bore the same, with a label of Pembroke. Sir John Hastings bore the same, with a border of Valence. Sir Edmund Hastings bore the same, with a label vert. Sir Nicholas Hastings bore the same, with a label azure. Sir Miles Hastings bore or, a fess and a chief, three mullets gules. Sir Philip Hastings bore the same, with a label azure. Sir Robert Hastings bore ermine on a chief azure, three mullets or. The label of Pembroke and border of Valence show the match with the heiress of Valence, earl of Pembroke. Sir Miles formed a distinct branch, that of Daylesford, probably before armorial bearings were fixed; his descendants, however, returned to the maunch. Sir Alan la Zouch bore gules, bezanty. Sir William la Zouch bore the same, with a quarter ermine. Sir William la Zouch bore the same, with a label azure. Sir Oliver la Zouch bore the same, with a chevron ermine. Sir Amory la Zouch bore the same, with a bend argent. Sir Thomas la Zouch bore the same, on a quarter argent a mullet sable. The quarter ermine is to show the descent from the dukes of Biitanny. These and many others of an early date are suitable for their purpose; but, as armorial bearings became less actually useful, alterations of a different character crept in. The label, however, retained its place. It closely resembles the strap with pendants which from the saddle crossed the horse s chest. Theearliest example of its use is said to be by Geoffrey, son of Henry II., in 1153, but a more certain case is the seal of Saher de Quincy, though whether there borne as a charge or as a difference is uncertain. At Caerlavrock Maurice de Berkeley bore a blue label "parceque ces pere vivoit." In Scotland William Fraser, in 1295, uses a label of three points and on each three roses or mullets, probably meant for "fraises" or strawberry leaves. The mullet, crescent, and fleur-de-lys are used as differences about the same time. The label, even then, was most frequently used by the eldest son, but occasionally he used the crescent, and the label was taken by the second son. The royal house generally used the label, but occasionally the border. Edward L, as prince, bore a label of five points azure ; Edmund Crouchback his brother, who married a French princess, charged the label with fleurs-de-lys. His second son, Henry, bore England with a bendlet ermine. Thomas and Edward, second and third sons of Edward I. , used labels. Edward IV., as prince, bore on his great seal a label of three, and on his counterseal one of five points. John of Eltham, his brother, bore England with a border of France. The Black Prince, who bore France and England quarterlj 7 , added a label argent, and Richard, during his father s life, placed a cross of St George on the middle point. Lionel, third son of Edward III., having married the heiress of De Clare and De Burgh, used a label and on each point a canton gules, said to be the original arms of De Clare, and on his seal as earl of Ulster each point bore a cross for De Burgh. The number of points was matter of indifference, though usually confined to three. The label itself was, on the whole, and has continued to be, a mark for all the princes of the royal house. Setting aside the royal family, a IICAV system of differ ences came into use, and is touched upon by Upton early in the 15th century, though then but imperfect. He gives the crescent to the eldest son, and to the others the label with three or more points in succession. Dame Berners, in 1486, besides employing the billet, crosslet, and other marks, describes a method of differencing by "gerratting," that is, powdering the field with billets or other charges, but the good lady s coats are often mere fancies. The first regular appearance of the modern system is on the effigies of seven Beauchamp cadets in St Mary s windows at War wick. There the label, annulet, crescent, martlet, fleur- de-lys, and mullet indicate the several cadets. The label is placed in chief, the rest on the fess point of each surcoat. The modern marks now regularly admitted are (1) the label of three points ; (2) the crescent ; (3) the mullet (4)
the martlet ; (5) the annulet ; (6) the fleur-de-lys ; (7) the