Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/598

His son, Rudolph, bartered liis riglits to the Italian crown for the Cisjuran kingdom, and thus united both Burgundies into what is frequently called the kingdom of Aries, which after various vicissitudes was finally united to the German

empire by Conrad II. in 1033.

Parts of Burgundy, Nivernais, &c.

On the foundation of the Lower Burgundian kingdom by Boson, his brother Richard remained faithful to Charles the Bald of France, and was invested with the duchy of Burgundy, which had been held by various members of the Carlovingian family. King Robert II., however, took possession of it, and bestowed it in 1015 on his son, afterwards Henry I. On the accession of the latter to the throne of France, he gave the duchy to his brother Robert, with whose descendants it continued for a con siderable period. In 13G1 that elder line of dukes expired, and the duchy was seized by king John, and in 1363 presented by him to his son Philip the Bold as a reward for his bravery at the battle of Poitiers. Thus commenced that famous line of dukes which played so great a part in the history of France during the 14th and 15th centuries, and by the splendour of its achievements and the magni ficence of its patronage rivalled the greatest dynasties of the time. Philip s marriage with Margaret of Flanders brought him the countships of Burgundy (Franche Comte ), Flanders, Artois, RtHhel, and Nevers ; and at a later period he purchased the countship of Charolais from the count of Armagnac. He was succeeded in 1 404 by John the Fearless (Jean sans Peur), who was assassinated at the Bridge of Montereau in 1419, and left the duchy to his son Philip the Good. This duke survived till 1467, and during that time had greatly extended his territory. By very questionable proceedings he obtained possession of Hainault and Holland. Namur was purchased in 1429 ; and in the following year Brabant and Limburg also fell into his grasp. In 1435 there were further yielded to him, by treaty with France, Macon, Auxerre, Bar-sur-Seine, and various other towns in that district. His son, Charles the Bold, followed in the same course of territorial aggrandize ment, and his ambitious projects gradually extended, till he began to aim at the founding of a great Gallo-Belgian kingdom ; but his splendid plans came to an untimely end with his own death at the battle of Nancy in 1477, when he was trying to wipe off the disgrace inflicted on his arras by the Swiss at Morat. His daughter and heiress, Mary, married the Archduke Maximilian, son of Frederick III. ; and with the exception of the duchy of Burgundy proper, which remained a fief of the French crown, brought with her all the vast inheritance of her father. In 1512 Maximilian incorporated the territory with the German empire under the title of the circle of Burgundy. It was gradually diminished by the encroachments of France, and by the liberation of the Netherlands, so that at the Revolu tion it only consisted of Brabant, Limburg, Luxembourg, and parts of Flanders, Hainault, Namur, and Guelders.

The duchy meanwhile had been raised with some addi tions to the rank of a province, and formed a military governorship. It was bounded on the N. by Champagne, E. by Franche Comte and Bresse, S. by Lyonnais and Dauphine , and W. by Bourbonnais and Nivernais. It was divided into eight districts Auxerrais, the country of the Mountain, Auxais, Dijonnais, Autunais, Chalonnais, Charo lais, and Maconnais. It possessed a separate assembly of states general, which met every three years at Dijon, the capital, under the presidency most frequently of the governor of the province. The bishop of Autun was at the head of the clergy ; the nobility and gentry had a leader of their own election ; and the corresponding place in the third estate belonged to the mayor of Dijon.

See Derichsweiler s Geschichte der Burgundcn, 1 863 ; Barante a Histoire des dues de <nirgogne, 10 vols. 1824; and De Laborde s Les dues de Bouryogne, 1871.

BURHÁNPUR, a town of British India in the NimAr

district of the Central Provinces, situated on the north bank of the River Tapti, in 21 81 N. lat. and 76 20 E. long., at a distance of 280 miles N.E. of Bombay, and 2 miles from the Great Indian Peninsula Railway station of Lalbagh. It was founded in 1400 A.D. by a Mahometan prince of the Farukhi dynasty of Khandesh, whose successors held it for 200 years, when the Farukhi kingdom was annexed to the empire of Akbar. It formed the chief seat of the Govern ment of the Deccan provinces of the Mughul empire till Sh.ih Jahan removed the capital to Aurangabad, in 1G35. Burhdnpur was plundered in 1685 by the Marhattas, and repeated battles were fought in its neighbourhood in the struggle betweeen that race and the Musalmans for the supremacy of India. In 1739 the Mahometans finally yielded to the demand of the Marhattds for a fourth of the revenue, and in 1760 the Nizam of the Deccan ceded Burhanpur to the Peshwa, who in 1778 transferred it to Sindhia. In the Marhatta war the army under General Wellesley, afterwards the duke of Wellington, took Burhanpur (1803), but the treaty of the following year restored it to Sindhia. It remained a portion of Sindhi& s dominions till 1860-61, when, in consequence of certain territorial arrangements, the town and surrounding estates were ceded to the British Government. Under the Mughuls the city covered an area of about 5 square miles, and was about 10-*- miles in circumference. In the " Ain-1- Akbari " it is described as a " large city, with many gardens, inhabited by all nations, and abounding with handicrafts men." Sir Thomas Roe, who visited it in 1614, found that the houses in the town were " only mud cottages, except the prince s house, the chan s, and some few others." In 1865-66 the city contained 8000 houses, with a population of 34,137, which had decreased to 29,303 in 1872. BurMn- pur is celebrated for its muslins, flowered silks, and bro cades, which, according to Tavernier, who visited it in 1668, were exported in great quantities to Persia, Egypt, Turkey, Russia, and Poland. The gold and silver wires used in the manufacture of these fabrics are drawn with considerable care and skill ; and in order to secure the purity of the metals employed for their composition, the wire-drawing under the native rule was done under Government inspec

tion. The town of Burhanpur and its manufactures have