AMERICA. North America. Esquimaux: Washington, London, 1850, 8vo : Petitot (Mackenzie and Anderson Elvers), Paris, 1876, 4to. Kinai: Radlofl , St Petersburg, 1874, 4to. Greenland: Egede, (Gr. Dan. Lat., 3 parts), Hafn. 1750, 8vo; 1760: Fabrieius, Kjoben- liavn, 1804, 4to. Hudson s Bay Indians: Bowrey, London, 1701, fol. Abnaki: Ptasles, Cambridge, U.S., 1833, 4to. Chippewa: Baraga, Cincinnati, 1853, 12mo, 622 pages : Petitot, Paris, 1876, 4to, 455 pages. Massachusetts or Natick : Cotton, Cambridge, U.S. 18^9, Svo. Onondaga: Shea (French-Onon.), from an MS. of 17th cent.), London, 1860, 4to, 109 pages. Dacota: Riggs, New York, 1851, 4to, 424 pages: Williamson (Eng. Dae.), Santos Agency, Nebraska, 12mo, 139 pages. Mohawk : Bruyas, New York, 1863, 8vo. JIidatsa(Minnetarces, Gros Centres of the Missouri] : Matthews, ib. 1874, Svo. Choctaw : Byington, ib. 1852, 16mo. Clallam and Lummi : Gibbs, ib. 1863, Svo. Yakama ; Pandosy, translated by Gibbs and Shea, ib. 1862, Svo. Chinook: Gibbs, New York, 1863, 4to. Chinook Jargon, the trade language of Oregon: Id., ib. 1863, 8vo. Talche or Tdame : Sitjar, ib. 1861, 8o. Mutnns: Arroyo de la Cuesta, London, 1862, 4to. Mexico and Central America. Tepehuan : Riualdini, Mexico, 1743, 4to. Cora: Ortega, Mexico, 1732, 4to. Tarahu- mara: Steffel, Briinn, 1791, Svo. Otomi : Carochi, Mexico, 1645, 4to: Neve y Molina, ib. 1767, Svo: Yepes, ib. 1826, 4to: Picco- lomiui, -Roiua, 1841, 8vo. Mexican or Aztec : Molina, Mexico, 155;"., 4to; 1571, fol. 2 vols. : Arenas, ib. 1583; 1611, Svo; 1683; 1725; 1793, 12mo ; 1831, 12mo: Biondelli, Milan, 1869, foL Mexican, Tontonacan, and Jfuastccan ; Olmos, Mexico, 1555-60, 4to, 2 vols. fluastecan : Tapia Zenteno, ib. 1767, 4to, 128 pages. Opata or Tequima : Lombardo, ib. 1702, 4to. Tarasca : Gilberti, ib. 1559, 4to : Lagunas, ib, 1574, Svo. Mixtecan : Alvarado, Megico, 1593, 4to. Znpotcca : Cordova, ib. 1578, 4 to. Maya: Bel trail de Santa Rosa Maria, ib. 1746, 4to; Merida de Yucatan, 1859, 4to, 250 pages : Brassuur de Bourbourg, Paris, 1S74, Svo, 745 pnges. Quiche: Id. (also Cakchiquel and Trutuhil dialects), ib. 1862, Svo. South America. Chibcha: Uricoechea, Paris, 1871, Svo. CJiayma : Tauste, Madrid, 1680, 4 to : Yanguas, Burgos, 1683, 4to. Carib : Raymond, Auxerre, 1665-66, Svo. G alibi : D.[e] L.[a] S.[auvage], Paris, 1763, 8vo. Tupi : Costa Rubim, Rio de Janeiro, 1853, Svo: Silva Guimaraes, Bahia, 1854, Svo: Diaz, Lipsia, 1858, 16mo. Guarani : Ruiz de Montoyo, Madrid, 1639, 4to; 1640; 1722, 4to ; ed. Platzmann, Leipzig, 1876, etc., Svo, to be in 4 vols. 1850 pages. Moxa: Marban, Lima, 1701, Svo. Lule : Machoui de Corderia, Madrid, 1732, 12mo. Qidchua,: Santo Thomas, Ciudad de los Reyes, 1586, Svo: Torres Rubio, Sevilla, 1603, Svo; Lima, 1609, Svo; ed. Figueredo, Lima, 1754, Svo: Holguin, Ciudad delos Reyes, 1608, Svo : Tschudi, Wien, 1853, Svo, 2 vols.: Mark- ham, London, 1864, Svo : Lopez, Les Ilaccs Arycnncs de Pcrou, Paris, 1S71, Svo, comparative vocabulary, pp. 345-421. Aymara: Bertonio, Chicuyto, 1612, 4to, 2 vols. Chilcno: Valdivia (also Allentiac and Milcocayac), Lima, 1607, Svo: ,Febres, ib. 1765, 12mo ; ed. Hernandez y Caluza, Santiago, 1846, Svo, 2 vols.
Tsonecan (Patagonian): Schmid, Bristol, 1860, 12iuo.
DICTYS CRETENSIS, one of the early historians from whom the later Roman grammarians imagined that Homer derived materials for the Iliad and Odyssey. According to an introduction prefixed by an unknown writer to the Latin translation entitled Dictys Cretensis de Bello Trojano, the author followed Idomeneus, king of Crete, in the Trojan war; and the MS. of his work, written in Phœnician characters, was found in his tomb at Gnossus at the time of the occurrence of an earthquake in the thirteenth year of Nero's reign, and translated into Greek by order of that prince. A Latin version of the first five books has alone come down to us; but this is generally regarded as a forgery. There is little doubt, however, that there was a Greek original which was probably composed about the time of Nero. The main interest of the work consists in the fact that, along with that of Dares (q.v.), it was the source from which the Homeric legends were introduced into the romantic literature of the Middle Ages. The editio princeps dates as far back as 1470. The work is now usually printed along with that of Dares. The best editions are those of Perizonius and Dederich (Bonn, 1837).
DIDEROT, Denis (1713-1784), one of the most active and original of the famous group of men of letters in France in the middle of the 18th century. He was born at Langres in 1713 ; he was educated by the Jesuits, like most of those who afterwards became the bitterest enemies of Catholicism ; and, when his education was at an eii J, he vexed his brave and worthy father s heart by turning away from respectable callings, like law or medicine, and throw ing himself into the vagabond life of a bookseller s hack in Paris. An imprudent marriage (1743) did not better his position. His wife was a devout Catholic, but her piety did not restrain a narrow and fretful temper, and Diderot s domestic life was irregular and unhappy. He sought con solation for chagrins at home in attachments abroad, first with a Madame Puisieux, a fifth-rate female scribbler, and then with Mdlle. Voland, to whom he was constant for the rest of her life. His letters to her are among the most graphic of all the pictures that we have of the daily life of the philosophic circle in Paris. An interesting contrast may be made between the Buhemianism of the famous literary set who supped at the Turk s Head with the Tory Johnson and the Conservative Burke for their oracles, and the Bohemianism o the set who about the same time dined once a week at the Baron D Holbach s, to ILbten to the wild sallies and the inspiring declamations of Diderot. For Diderot was not a great writer ; he stands out as a fertile, suggestive, and daring thinker, and a prodigious and most eloquent talker.
Diderot s earliest writings were of as little importance as Goldsmith s Enquiry into the State of Polite Learning or Burke s Abridgement of English History. He earned 100 crowns by translating Stanyan s History of Greece ; with two colleagues he produced a translatioi of James s Dictionary >,f Medicine; and about thesame date(1745) he published a free rendering of Shaftesbury s Inquiry Concerning Virtue and Merit, with some original notes of his own. With strange and characteristic versatility, he turned from ethical specu lation to the composition of a volume of stories, which are gross without liveliness, and impure without wit. In later years he repented of this shameless work, just as Boccaccio is said in the day of his gray hairs to have thought of the sprightliness of the Decameron with strong remorse. From tales Diderot went back to the more congenial region of philosophy. Between the morning of Good Friday and the evening of Easter Monday he wrote the Philosophic Thoughts (1746), and he presently added to this a short complementary essay On the Sufficiency of Natural Religion. The gist of these performances is to press the ordinary rationalistic objections to a supernatural revelation ; but though Diderot did not at this time pass out into the wilderness beyond natural religion, yet there are signs that he accepted that less as a positive doctrine, resting on grounds of its own, than as a convenient point of attack against Christianity. In 1747 he wrote the Sceptic s Walk, a rather poor allegory pointing first to the extravagances of Catholicism ; second, to the vanity of the pleasures of that world which is the rival of the church ; and third, to the desperate and unfathomable uncertainty of the philosophy which professes to be so high above both church and world.
the world as an original thinker, his famous Letter on the Blind (1749). The immediate object of this s4iort but pithy writing was to show the dependence of men s ideas on their five senses. It considers the case of the intellect deprived of the aid of one of the senses ; and in a second piece, published afterwards, Diderot considered the case of a similar deprivation in the deaf and dumb. The Letter on Deaf-Mutes, however, is substantially a digressive
examination of some points in aesthetics. The philoup-